List of coconut palm diseases

List of diseases of coconut palms (Cocos nucifera):

Bacterial diseases

Coconut gone bad: the dark spots are very bitter and the whole meat has turned yellow. The first indication is a bitter taste of the water; this coconut should not be consumed.
A coconut with a large part of the meat missing
Bacterial diseases
Bacterial bud rot Erwinia spp.

Fungal diseases

Fungal diseases
Algal leaf spot Cephaleuros virescens
Anthracnose

Glomerella cingulata (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, anamorph)

Bitten leaf

Ceratocystis paradoxa (Chalara paradoxa, anamorph)

Bipolaris leaf spot Bipolaris incurvata
Black scorch

Ceratocystis paradoxa (Chalara paradoxa, Thielaviopsis paradoxa, anamorphs)

Bud rot

Fusarium solani
F. verticillioides
Graphium sp.
Phytophthora katsurae
Ph. nicotianae
Ph. palmivora

Catacauma leaf spot Phaeochoropsis mucosa
Damping off

Fusarium spp.
Phytophthora spp.
Pythium spp.
Rhizoctonia solani

Dry basal rot

Ceratocystis paradoxa (Thielaviopsis paradoxa, anamorph)

Ganoderma butt rot

Ganoderma orbiforme
G. tornatum
G. zonatum

Graphiola leaf spot Graphiola phoenicis
Gray leaf blight Pestalotiopsis palmarum
Koleroga Phytophthora palmivora
Leaf blight Cytospora palmarum
Leaf spots

Alternaria sp.
Botryosphaeria disrupta
Capitorostrum cocoes
Cercospora sp.
Cochliobolus lunatus
Cylindrocladium pteridis
Drechslera gigantea
D. halodes
Epicoccum nigrum
Helminthosporium sp.
Macrophoma sp.
Macrosporium cocos
Melanconium sp.
Mycosphaerella palmicola
Periconiella cocoes
Pseudoepicoccum cocos
Phomopsis sp.
Phyllosticta palmetto
Ramularia necator

Lethal bole rot Marasmiellus cocophilus[1][2]
Lixa grande Camarotella costaricensis, Coccostromopsis palmicola
Lixa pequeña Camarotella acrocomiae
Nut fall

Fusarium verticillioides
Graphium sp.
Phytophthora katsurae
Ph. nicotianae
Ph. palmivora

Powdery mildew Oidium sp.
Queima das folhas

Botryosphaeria cocogena
Lasiodiplodia theobromae

Root rot

Fusarium spp.
Phytophthora spp.
Pythium spp.
Rhizoctonia solani

Stem bleeding

Ceratocystis paradoxa (Chalara paradoxa, Thielaviopsis paradoxa, anamorphs) Thielaviopsis spp.

Stigmina leaf spot Stigmina palmivora
Thread blight

Ceratobasidium noxium
Corticium penicillatum
Pellicularia filamentosa

Virus and viroid

diseases
Cadang-cadang Coconut cadang-cadang viroid
Foliar decay ssDNA virus, identity uncertain
Tinangaja Coconut tinangaja viroid
Natuna wilt Not known
Premature decline Not known
Soccoro wilt Not known

Phytoplasmal diseases

A coconut palm with lethal yellowing
Phytoplasmal diseases
Awka disease/Texas phoenix palm decline Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae
Blast Candidatus Phytoplasma suspected
Cape St. Paul wilt Ca. Phytoplasma
Cedros wilt Phytomonas sp.
Heart rot Phytomonas sp.
Kaincope disease Ca. Phytoplasma
Kalimantan wilt Ca. Phytoplasma suspected
Kribi disease Ca. Phytoplasma
Lethal decline Ca. Phytoplasma
Lethal disease Ca. Phytoplasma
Lethal yellowing Ca. Phytoplasma
Pudricion del cogollo Ca. Phytoplasma
Root wilt disease Ca. Phytoplasma
Stem necrosis Ca. Phytoplasma suspected

Miscellaneous diseases and disorders

Miscellaneous diseases and disorders
Bristle top Not known
Dry bud rot Not known, but possibly vectored by the insects Sogatella kolophon and S. cubana (Tagosodes cubana)
Finschafen disease Not known
Frond rot Physiological disorder
Leaf scorch decline Not known
Malaysia wilt Not known
Red ring disease Bursaphelenchus cocophilus (nematode)
Porroca disease not known
Coconut lethal crown atrophy Not known

Further reading

  • This review...
Gurr, Geoff; Johnson, Anne; Ash, Gavin; Wilson, Bree; Ero, Mark; Pilotti, Carmel; Dewhurst, Charles; You, Minsheng (2016). "Coconut Lethal Yellowing Diseases: A Phytoplasma Threat to Palms of Global Economic and Social Significance". Frontiers in Plant Science. 7. Frontiers Media SA: 1521. Bibcode:2016FrPS....7.1521G. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.01521. ISSN 1664-462X. PMC 5080360. PMID 27833616. S2CID 3187070.
...cites this study:
Manimekalai, R.; Soumya, V.; Sathish, R.; Selvarajan, R.; Reddy, K.; Thomas, G.; Sasikala, M.; Rajeev, G.; Baranwal, V. (2010). "Molecular Detection of 16SrXI Group Phytoplasma Associated with Root (Wilt) Disease of Coconut (Cocos nucifera) in India". Plant Disease. 94 (5). American Phytopathological Society (APS): 636. Bibcode:2010PlDis..94..636M. doi:10.1094/pdis-94-5-0636b. ISSN 0191-2917. PMID 30754440. S2CID 73430885.

References

  1. ^ "What Is Lethal Bole Rot: Learn About Lethal Bole Rot Disease". Gardening Know How. 2015-10-14. Retrieved 2025-08-02.
  2. ^ Bock, K. R.; Ivory, M. H.; Adams, B. R. (1970). "Lethal bole rot disease of coconut in East Africa". Annals of Applied Biology. 66 (3): 453–464. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1970.tb04624.x. ISSN 1744-7348.
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