List of colonial governors of Portuguese Timor
| Governor of Portuguese Timor | |
|---|---|
| Portuguese: Governador do Timor Português | |
![]() Coat of arms of Portuguese Timor (1935–1975) | |
| Residence | Palácio de Lahane |
| Nominator | Prime Minister of Portugal |
| Appointer | Monarch of Portugal (1647–1910) President of Portugal (1910–1975) |
| Precursor | None |
| Formation | 1647 |
| First holder | António de São Jacinto |
| Final holder | Mário Lemos Pires |
| Abolished | 1975 |

This is a list of European (as well as Australian and Japanese) colonial administrators responsible for the territory of Portuguese Timor, an area equivalent to modern-day East Timor.
List
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
| No. | Portrait | Incumbent | Tenure | Notes | Head(s) of state (Reign / Term) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| From | Until | |||||
| Portuguese suzerainty | ||||||
| Subordinated to Portuguese India | ||||||
| 1 |
|
António de São Jacinto Captain |
1647 | 1649 | In Cupão | ![]() John IV João IV House of Braganza (1647 – 6 November 1656) |
| 2 |
|
Francisco Carneiro Captain |
1649 | 1652 | In Cupão | |
| 3 |
|
... Captain |
1652 | 1662 | ||
![]() Alphonso VI Afonso VI House of Braganza (6 November 1656 – 12 September 1683) | ||||||
| 4 |
|
Simão Luís Captain |
1662 | 1664 | ||
| 5 |
|
Simão Luís Captain-Major |
1665 | 1666 | ||
| 6 |
|
António Hornay Captain-Major Ad Interim |
1666 | 1669 | 1st time | |
| 7 |
|
Fernão Martins da Ponte Captain-Major Ad Interim |
1669 | 1670 | ||
| 8 |
|
Mateus da Costa Captain-Major Ad Interim |
1671 | 1673 | ||
| 9 |
|
António Hornay Captain-Major Ad Interim |
1673 | 1680 | 2nd time | |
| 10 |
|
João Antunes Portugal Captain-Major |
1680 | 1680 | Sent by the Kingdom of Portugal but refused by settlers | |
| 11 |
|
António Hornay Captain-Major Ad Interim |
1680 | 1693 | 3rd time | |
![]() Peter II Pedro II House of Braganza (6 November 1683 – 9 December 1706) | ||||||
| 12 |
|
Francisco Hornay Captain-Major Ad Interim |
1694 | 1696 | ||
| 13 |
|
António de Mesquita Pimentel Captain-Major |
1696 | 1697 | ||
| 14 |
|
André Coelho Vieira Captain-Major |
1697 | 1697 | ||
| 15 |
|
Domingos da Costa Captain-Major Ad Interim |
1697 | 1702 | ||
| 16 |
|
António Coelho Guerreiro Governor |
20 February 1702 | 1705 | ||
| 17 |
|
Lourenço Lopes Governor |
1705 | 1706 | ||
| 18 |
|
Manuel Ferreira de Almeida Governor |
1706 | 1708 | 1st time | ![]() John V João V House of Braganza (9 December 1706 – 31 July 1750) |
| 19 |
|
Jácome de Morais Sarmento Governor |
1708 | 1709 | ||
| 20 |
|
Manuel de Souto-Maior Governor |
1709 | 1714 | ||
| 21 |
|
Manuel Ferreira de Almeida Governor |
1714 | 1714 | 2nd time | |
| 22 |
|
Domingos da Costa Governor |
1714 | 1718 | ||
| 23 |
|
Francisco de Melo e Castro Governor |
1718 | 1719 | ||
| 24 |
|
Manuel de Santo António Governor |
1719 | 1722 | ||
| 25 |
|
António de Albuquerque Coelho Governor |
1722 | 1725 | ||
| 26 |
|
António Moniz de Macedo Governor |
1725 | 1729 | 1st time | |
| 27 |
|
Pedro de Melo Governor |
1729 | 1731 | ||
| 28 |
|
Pedro do Rego Barreto da Gama e Castro Governor |
1731 | 1734 | ||
| 29 |
|
António Moniz de Macedo Governor |
1734 | 1739 | 2nd time | |
| 30 |
|
... Governor Ad Interim |
1739 | 1741 | ||
| 31 |
|
Manuel Leonís de Castro Governor |
1741 | 1745 | ||
| 32 |
|
Francisco Xavier Moraes Doutel Governor |
1745 | 1748 | ||
| 33 |
|
Manuel Correia de Lacerda Governor |
1748 | 1751 | ||
![]() Joseph I José I House of Braganza (31 July 1750 – 24 February 1777) | ||||||
| 34 |
|
Manuel Doutel de Figueiredo Sarmento Governor |
1751 | 1759 | ||
| 35 |
|
Sebastião de Azevedo e Brito Governor |
1759 | 1760 | ||
| 36 |
|
... Governor Ad Interim |
1760 | 1763 | ||
| 37 |
|
Dionísio Gonçalves Rebelo Galvão Governor |
1763 | 1765 | ||
| 38 |
|
... Governor Ad Interim |
1765 | 1768 | ||
| 39 |
|
António José Teles de Meneses Governor |
1768 | 1776 | ||
| 40 |
|
Caetano de Lemos Telo de Meneses Governor |
1776 | 1779 | ||
![]() Mary I Maria I House of Braganza (24 February 1777 – 20 March 1816) & ![]() Peter III Pedro III House of Braganza (24 February 1777 – 25 May 1786) | ||||||
| 41 |
|
Lourenço de Brito Correia Governor |
1779 | 1782 | ||
| 42 |
|
João Anselmo de Almeida Soares Governor |
1782 | 1785 | ||
| 43 |
|
João Baptista Vieira Godinho Governor |
1785 | 1788 | ||
| 44 |
|
Feliciano António Nogueira Lisboa Governor |
1788 | 1790 | ||
| 45 |
|
Joaquim Xavier de Morias Sarmento Governor |
1790 | 1794 | ||
| 46 |
|
João Baptista Verquaim Governor |
1794 | 1800 | ||
| 47 |
|
José Joaquim de Sousa Governor |
1800 | 1804 | ||
| 48 |
|
João Vicente Soares da Veiga Governor |
1804 | 1807 | ||
| 49 |
|
António de Mendonça Côrte-Real Governor |
1807 | 1810 | ||
| 50 |
|
António Botelho Homem Bernardes Pessõa Governor |
1810 | 1810 | ||
| 51 |
|
Joaquim António Duarte da Silva Veloso Governor |
1810 | 1812 | ||
| 52 |
|
Vitorino Freire da Cunha Gusmão Governor |
1812 | 1815 | ||
| 53 |
|
José Pinto Alcoforado de Azevedo e Sousa Governor |
1815 | 1819 | ||
![]() John VI João VI House of Braganza (20 March 1816 – 10 March 1826) | ||||||
| 54 |
|
Gregório Rodrigues Pereira Governor |
1819 | 1821 | ||
| 55 |
|
Manuel Joaquim de Matos e Góis Governor |
1821 | 1832 | ||
![]() Peter IV Pedro IV House of Braganza (10 March 1826 – 2 May 1826) | ||||||
![]() Mary II Maria II House of Braganza (2 May 1826 – 23 June 1828) | ||||||
![]() Michael I Miguel I House of Braganza (26 February 1828 – 6 May 1834) | ||||||
| 56 |
|
Miguel da Silveira Lorena Governor |
1832 | 1832 | ||
| 57 |
|
Miguel Carlos da Cunha da Silveira e Lorena Governor |
1832 | 1834 | ||
| 58 |
|
José Maria Marques Governor |
1834 | 1839 | ![]() Mary II Maria II House of Braganza (26 May 1834 – 15 November 1853) & ![]() Ferdinand II Fernando II House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha-Koháry (16 September 1837 – 15 November 1853) | |
| 59 |
|
Frederico Leão Cabreira de Brito Alvelos Drago Valente Governor |
1839 | 1844 | ||
| Subordinated to Portuguese Macau | ||||||
| 60 |
|
Julião José da Silva Vieiras Governor |
1844 | 1848 | ||
| 61 |
|
António Olavo Monteiro Torres Governor |
1848 | 30 October 1850 | ||
| Separate colony | ||||||
| 62 |
|
António Olavo Monteiro Torres Governor |
30 October 1850 | 1851 | ||
| 63 |
|
José Joaquim Lopes de Lima Governor |
23 June 1851 | 15 September 1851 | ||
| Subordinated to Portuguese Macau | ||||||
| 64 |
|
José Joaquim Lopes de Lima Governor |
15 September 1851 | 8 September 1852 | Died in office | |
| 65 |
|
Manuel de Saldanha da Gama Governor |
1852 | 1856 | ||
![]() Peter V Pedro V House of Braganza (15 November 1853 – 11 November 1861) | ||||||
| Subordinated to Portuguese India | ||||||
| 66 |
|
Luís Augusto de Almeida Macedo Governor |
1856 | 1859 | ||
| 67 |
|
Afonso de Castro Governor |
1859 | 1863 | ||
![]() Louis I Luís I House of Braganza (11 November 1861 – 19 October 1889) | ||||||
| Separate overseas province | ||||||
| 68 |
|
José Manuel Pereira de Almeida Governor |
1863 | 1864 | ||
| 69 |
|
José Eduardo da Costa Meneses Governor |
1864 | 1866 | ||
| Subordinated to Portuguese Macau | ||||||
| 70 |
|
Francisco Teixeira da Silva Governor |
1866 | 1869 | ||
|
António Joaquim Garcia Governor |
|||||
| 71 |
|
Pedro Carlos de Aguiar Craveiro Lopes Governor |
1870 | 1870 | Did not take office | |
| 72 |
|
João Clímaco de Carvalho Governor |
1870 | 1871 | ||
|
Manuel de Castro Sampaio Governor |
|||||
| 73 |
|
Hugo Goodair de Lacerda Castelo Branco Governor |
1873 | 1876 | 1st time | |
| 74 |
|
Joaquim António da Silva Ferrão Governor |
1876 | 1878 | ||
|
José Alves da Costa Governor |
|||||
| 75 |
|
Hugo Goodair de Lacerda Castelo Branco Governor |
1878 | 1880 | 2nd time | |
| 76 |
|
Augusto César Cardoso de Carvalho Governor |
1880 | 1881 | ||
|
José dos Santos Vaquinhas Governor |
|||||
| 77 |
|
Bento da França Pinto de Oliveira Governor |
1882 | 1883 | ||
|
Porfírio Zeferino de Sousa
Governor |
1st time | ||||
|
Francisco de Paula da Lua Governor |
|||||
| 78 |
|
João Maria Pereira Governor |
1883 | 1885 | ||
|
Cipriano Forjaz Governor |
1st time | ||||
| 79 |
|
Alfredo de Lacerda Maia Governor |
1885 | 3 March 1887 | ||
| 80 |
|
António Joaquim Garcia Governor |
1887 | 1887 | ||
| 81 |
|
António Francisco da Costa Governor |
1887 | 1888 | ||
| 82 |
|
Rafael Jácome Lopes de Andrade Governor |
1888 | 1889 | ||
| 83 |
|
Porfírio Zeferino de Sousa Governor |
1889 | 1890 | 2nd time | ![]() Charles I Carlos House of Braganza (19 October 1889 – 1 February 1908) |
| 84 |
|
Cipriano Forjaz Governor |
1890 | 1894 | 2nd time | |
| 85 |
|
Porfírio Zeferino de Sousa Governor |
1894 | 1894 | 3rd time | |
| 86 |
|
José Celestino da Silva Governor |
1894 | 15 October 1896 | ||
| Separate colony | ||||||
| 87 |
|
José Celestino da Silva Governor |
15 October 1896 | 1908 | ||
| 88 |
|
Jaime Augusto Vieira da Rocha Governor Ad Interim |
1908 | 1908 | ||
![]() Emmanuel II Manuel II House of Braganza (1 February 1908 – 5 October 1910) | ||||||
| 89 |
|
Eduardo Augusto Marquês Governor |
1908 | 1909 | ||
| 90 |
|
Gonçalo Pereira Pimenta de Castro Governor |
1909 | 1910 | 1st time | |
| 91 | ![]() |
Alfredo Cardoso de Soveral Martins Governor |
1910 | 30 October 1910 | ||
![]() Teófilo Braga Provisional President of the First Portuguese Republic (5 October 1910 – 24 August 1911) | ||||||
| 92 |
|
Anselmo Augusto Coelho de Carvalho Governor Ad Interim |
1910 | 1910 | ||
| 93 |
|
José Carrazeda Caldas Viana e Andrade Governor Ad Interim |
1910 | 1910 | ||
| 94 |
|
Filomeno da Câmara Melo Cabral Governor |
1911 | 1913 | 1st time; served during the East Timorese rebellion of 1911–12 | |
![]() Manuel de Arriaga President of the First Portuguese Republic (24 August 1911 – 26 May 1915) | ||||||
| 95 |
|
Gonçalo Pereira Pimenta de Castro Governor Ad Interim |
1913 | 1914 | 2nd time | |
| 96 |
|
Filomeno da Cámara Melo Cabral Governor |
1914 | 1917 | 2nd time | |
![]() Teófilo Braga President of the First Portuguese Republic (29 May 1915 – 5 October 1915) | ||||||
![]() Bernardino Machado President of the First Portuguese Republic (5 October 1915 – 5 December 1917) | ||||||
| 97 |
|
César de Abreu Governor Ad Interim |
1917 | 1917 | ||
|
José Machado Duarte Júnior Governor Ad Interim | |||||
| 98 |
|
Luís Augusto de Oliveira Franco Governor Ad Interim |
1917 | 1919 | 1st time | |
![]() Sidónio Pais President of the First Portuguese Republic (28 April 1918 – 14 December 1918) | ||||||
![]() João do Canto e Castro President of the First Portuguese Republic (16 December 1918 – 5 October 1919) | ||||||
| 99 |
|
Manuel Paulo de Sousa Gentil Governor |
1919 | 1920 | ||
![]() António José de Almeida President of the First Portuguese Republic (5 October 1919 – 5 October 1923) | ||||||
| 100 |
|
Luís Augusto de Oliveira Franco Governor Ad Interim |
1920 | 1921 | 2nd time | |
| 101 |
|
José de Paiva Gomes Governor |
1921 | 1921 | 1st time | |
| 102 |
|
Humberto dos Santos Leitão Governor Ad Interim |
1921 | 1921 | 1st time | |
| 103 |
|
José de Paiva Gomes Governor |
1921 | 1923 | 2nd time | |
![]() Manuel Teixeira Gomes President of the First Portuguese Republic (5 October 1923 – 11 December 1925) | ||||||
| 104 |
|
Humberto dos Santos Leitão Governor Ad Interim |
1923 | 1924 | 2nd time | |
| 105 |
|
Raimundo Enes Meira Governor |
1924 | 1926 | ||
![]() Bernardino Machado President of the First Portuguese Republic (11 December 1925 – 31 May 1926) | ||||||
| 106 |
|
Teófilo Duarte Governor |
1926 | 1929 | ||
![]() José Mendes Cabeçadas President of the Second Portuguese Republic (31 May 1926 – 17 June 1926) | ||||||
![]() Manuel Gomes da Costa President of the Second Portuguese Republic (29 June 1926 – 9 July 1926) | ||||||
Óscar Carmona President of the Second Portuguese Republic (29 November 1926 – 18 April 1951) | ||||||
| 107 |
|
Cesário Augusto de Almeida Viana Governor |
1929 | 1930 | ||
| 108 |
|
Abel Teixeira da Costa Tavares Governor Ad Interim |
1930 | 1930 | ||
| 109 |
|
Antonio Baptista Justo Governor |
1930 | 1933 | ||
| 110 |
|
José Luís Fontoura de Sequeira Governor Ad Interim |
1933 | 1933 | ||
| 111 |
|
Raúl de Antas Manso Preto Mendes Cruz Governor |
1933 | 1936 | ||
| 112 |
|
Eduardo Bernardo Lápido Loureiro Governor Ad Interim |
1936 | 1936 | ||
| 113 |
|
Álvaro Eugénio Neves da Fontoura Governor |
1937 | 1940 | ||
| 114 |
|
António Jacinto Magro Governor Ad Interim |
1940 | 1940 | ||
| 115 |
|
Manuel de Abreu Ferreira de Carvalho Governor |
1940 | 8 December 1945 | Considered himself a prisoner during allied rule from December 1941 until February 1942; confined by Japanese from February 1942 until August 1945 | |
| Allied occupation of Portuguese Timor | ||||||
| 116 |
|
William Leggatt Commander of Australian forces |
17 December 1941 | 20 February 1942 | ![]() George VI House of Windsor (11 December 1936 – 6 February 1952) | |
|
Nico Leonard Willem van Straten Commander of Dutch forces |
17 December 1941 | 20 February 1942 | ![]() Wilhelmina House of Orange-Nassau (23 November 1890 – 4 September 1948) | ||
| Japanese occupation of Portuguese Timor | ||||||
| 117 |
|
Takeo Itō Commander |
20 February 1942 | 20 February 1942 | Commanding officer of Japanese landing forces | ![]() Emperor Shōwa 昭和天皇 (1926 – 1989) |
| 118 |
|
Sadashichi Doi Commander |
20 February 1942 | August 1942 | ||
| 119 |
|
Yuitsu Tsuchihashi Commander |
August 1942 | 22 November 1944 | ||
| 120 |
|
Kunitaro Yamada Commander |
22 November 1944 | 11 September 1945 | ||
| Portuguese Timor | ||||||
| 121 |
|
Manuel de Abreu Ferreira de Carvalho Governor |
1940 | 8 December 1945 | Considered himself a prisoner during allied rule from December 1941 until February 1942; confined by Japanese from February 1942 until August 1945 | Óscar Carmona President of the Second Portuguese Republic (29 November 1926 – 18 April 1951) |
| 122 |
|
Óscar Freire de Vasconcelos Ruas Governor |
1946 | 1950 | ||
| 123 |
|
César Maria de Serpa Rosa Governor |
1950 | 11 June 1950 | ||
| Overseas province | ||||||
|
César Maria de Serpa Rosa Governor |
11 June 1950 | 1958 | |||
| 124 | ![]() António de Oliveira Salazar Acting President of the Second Portuguese Republic (18 April 1951 – 21 July 1951) | |||||
![]() Francisco Craveiro Lopes President of the Second Portuguese Republic (21 July 1951 – 9 August 1958) | ||||||
| 125 |
|
Filipe José Freire Temudo Barata Governor |
1959 | 1963 | ![]() Américo Tomás President of the Second Portuguese Republic (9 August 1958 – 25 April 1974) | |
| 126 |
|
José Alberty Correia Governor |
1963 | 1968 | ||
| 127 |
|
José Nogueira Valente Pires Governor |
1968 | 1972 | ||
|
Fernando Alves Adeía Governor |
1972 | 1974 | |||
| 128 | ||||||
![]() National Salvation Junta (25 April 1974 – 15 May 1974) | ||||||
![]() António de Spínola President of the Third Portuguese Republic (15 May 1974 – 30 September 1974) | ||||||
![]() Francisco da Costa Gomes President of the Third Portuguese Republic (30 September 1974 – 13 July 1976) | ||||||
| 129 |
|
Mário Lemos Pires Governor |
18 November 1974 | 27 November 1975 | From 11 August 1975, on Atauro Island | |
| Unilateral Declaration of Independence as Democratic Republic of East Timor | ||||||
| Invaded and occupied by Indonesia (from 17 July 1976, annexed as East Timor province). Not recognized by Portugal; remained recognized by United Nations as Portuguese territory. | ||||||
| 130 |
|
Arnaldo dos Reis Araújo Governor |
3 August 1976 | 19 September 1978 | ![]() Suharto President of Indonesia (27 March 1968 – 21 May 1998) ![]() B. J. Habibie President of Indonesia (21 May 1998 – 20 October 1999) | |
| 131 |
|
Guilherme Maria Gonçalves Governor |
19 September 1978 | 18 September 1982 | ||
| 132 |
|
Mário Viegas Carrascalão Governor |
18 September 1982 | 18 September 1992 | ||
| 133 |
|
José Abílio Osório Soares Governor |
18 September 1992 | 19 October 1999 | ||
| Referendum votes for independence 78% | ||||||
| International Administration (from 28 February 2000, under UN Administration; United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor [UNTAET]). | ||||||
| 134 |
|
Sérgio Vieira de Mello Transitional Administrator |
25 October 1999 | 19 May 2002 | ![]() Kofi Annan Secretary-General of the United Nations (1 January 1997 – 31 December 2006) | |
| Independence as Democratic Republic of East Timor | ||||||
For continuation after independence, see: President of East Timor
See also
- East Timor
- List of colonial Residents of Dutch Timor
- List of rulers of Timor
- Lists of office-holders
Further reading
- Huber, Juliette (2021). "Chapter 2: At the Periphery of Nanyang: The Hakka Community of Timor-Leste / 2.3 The Portuguese in Asia: Timor and Macao". In Hoogervorst, Tom; Chia, Caroline (eds.). Sinophone Southeast Asia: Sinitic voices across the Southern Seas. Leiden, Boston: Brill. pp. 52–90. doi:10.1163/9789004473263_004. ISBN 9789004473263.
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