Instruments used in pathology
Instruments used specially in pathology are as follows: [1][2][3]
Instrument list
| Instrument | Uses |
|---|---|
| Flow cytometer | used for automated cell counting as in total blood count, differential count, etc. |
| Tissue bath or organ bath or Dale's apparatus | used in full tissue experiments, for example using guinea pig ileum mainly used in pharmacology for application of drugs to these tissues. |
| Sahli Haemoglobinometer | an old but rapid and simple method of hemoglobin estimation in the laboratories. Presently used in some places where sophisticated optical instruments are not available |
| Haemocytometer | a microscope associated apparatus used for manual counting of cells in body fluids like blood, etc. including for sperm count |
| Wintrobe's tube | used for ESR (Wintrobe's method), PCV, haematocrit, etc. |
| Westergren's tube and ESR stand | used for ESR (Westergren's method) |
| Disposable plastic molds or embedding molds (Leukart's L blocks) for tissue paraffin block making w.r.t. Histopathology | used to make blocks of tissue for cutting into thin slices for microscopy |
| Block holders (in histopathology) | used to hold the tissue blocks during cutting |
| •Refrigerated microtome (cryostat) | -do-; a special type that is used during operations to aid the surgeon in demarcating the diseased (specially neoplasms) tissue. |
| •Rocking microtome | -do-; a special type |
| •Base sledge microtome | -do-; a special type |
| •Ultra microtome | -do-; a special type |
| Tissue section floating baths (in histopathology) | used to spread the cut thin slices onto water using surface tension from where it is placed onto glass slides |
| Ryle's tube or nasogastric tube | used for nasogastric suction (or at times introduction of food or drugs). video link |
| FNAC needles | used for fine needle aspiration of material from inside the body; used for diagnostic examinations of the cells hence obtained; video link |
| Trephine biopsy needle[4] | used for taking a biopsy from a deep hard tissue like bone marrow (within a hard bone) |
| Spirometer | used to test lung function; video link |
| •Water-seal type | -do- |
| •Douglas bag type | -do- |
| Peak flow meter or peak expiatory flow rate meter | used to test lung function by testing the rate at which the person can exhale; useful to diagnose COPD and asthma |
| Mercury or other manometers | used to measure pressure of a fluid within a cavity like the spinal canal, which is raised in certain diseases |
| Electrocardiogra | |
| Urinometer | Estimation of specific gravity of urine. |
| Esbach's Albuminometer | Quantitative analysis of albumin in urine sample. |
Gallery
-
A hemocytometer -
Spinal needles -
Marrow puncture -
Bone marrow biopsy needle -
Rotary microtome -
Electrical microtome -
Base sledge microtome -
Hypodermic needle -
Intravenous cannula -
Peak flow meter -
Blood pressure monitor -
Flexible endoscope -
Urinometer
References
- ^ Essentials of medical physiology by Dr. Arun Baran Singha Mahapatra, ISBN 81-86793-56-9
- ^ Practical Pathology by Dr. P. Chakraborty n Dr. G. Chakraborty, ISBN 81-7381-332-9
- ^ Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology ISBN 0-7216-0194-4
- ^ Bain BJ (2003). "Bone marrow biopsy morbidity and mortality". Br. J. Haematol. 121 (6): 949–51. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04329.x. PMID 12786808.