The Kongo languages are a clade of Bantu languages, coded Zone H.10 in Guthrie's classification, that are spoken by the Bakongo:
- Beembe (Pangwa, Doondo, Kamba, Gangala), Ndingi, Kunyi, Mboka, Kongo, Western Kongo, Laari (Laadi), Vili, Yombe, Suundi
Languages
Glottolog, based on Koen Bostoen (2018, 2019),[1][2][3] classifies two dozen languages of the Kongo language cluster as follows:
These are closest to Mbuun, Ngongo and Nsong-Mpiin.[4]
References
- ^ Bostoen, Koen; de Schryver, Gilles-Maurice (2018). "Seventeenth-century Kikongo is not the ancestor of present-day Kikongo". In Bostoen, Koen; Brinkman, Inge (eds.). The Kongo kingdom: the origins, dynamics and cosmopolitan culture of an African polity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 60–102.
- ^ Bostoen, Koen; de Schryver, Gilles-Maurice (2018). "Langues et évolution linguistique dans le royaume et l'aire kongo". In Clist, Bernard-Olivier; de Maret, Pierre; Bostoen, Koen (eds.). Une archéologie des provinces septentrionales du royaume Kongo. Oxford: Archaeopress. pp. 51–55.
- ^ Pacchiarotti, Sara; Chousou-Polydouri, Natalia; Bostoen, Koen (2019). "Untangling the West-Coastal Bantu mess: identification, geography and phylogeny of the Bantu B50-80 languages". Africana Linguistica. 21: 87–162.
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "KLC Extended". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
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| Zone A | | A10 | |
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| A20 | |
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| A30 | |
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| A40 | |
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| A50 | |
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| A60 | |
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| A70 | |
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| A80 | |
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| A90 | |
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| Zone B | |
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- The Guthrie classification is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.
- Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates
- Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)
- Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)
- Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)
- Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)
- Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)
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| Zone C | |
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| Zone D | | D10 | |
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| D20 | |
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| D30 | |
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| [J]D40 | |
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| [J]D50 | |
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| [J]D60 | |
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- The Guthrie classification is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.
- Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates
- Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)
- Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)
- Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)
- Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)
- Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)
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| Zone E | | [J]E10 | |
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| [J]E20 | |
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| [J]E30 | |
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| [J]E40 | |
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| E50 | |
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| E60 | |
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| E70 | |
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| Zone F | |
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| Zone G | |
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| Zone H | |
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- The Guthrie classification is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.
- Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates
- Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)
- Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)
- Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)
- Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)
- Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)
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| Zone J* | | [J]D40 | |
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| [J]D50 | |
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| [J]D60 | |
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| [J]E10 | |
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| [J]E20 | |
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| [J]E30 | |
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| [J]E40 | |
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| [J]F20 | |
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| Zone K | |
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| Zone L | |
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| Zone M | |
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- The Guthrie classification is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.
- Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates
- Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)
- Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)
- Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)
- Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)
- Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)
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| Zone N | |
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| Zone P | |
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| Zone R | |
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| Zone S | |
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- The Guthrie classification is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.
- Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates
- Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)
- Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)
- Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)
- Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)
- Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)
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