List of wars involving India

This is a list of military operations conducted by the post-independence Dominion of India (1947–1950) and the modern Republic of India (since 1950), including total wars, limited operations, and counter-insurgency missions both domestically and abroad.

List of War and Conflicts

Key—

Indian victory

Another result*

Indian defeat

Ongoing conflict

*e.g. settlement, withdrawal of troops, ceasefire or inconclusive

Conflict	India and Allies	Opponent(s)	Result, casualties, and losses of India and Opponent(s)
Indo-Pakistani War (1947–1948) Location: Kashmir	Dominion of India Jammu & Kashmir	Dominion of Pakistan	Ceasefire One-third of Jammu and Kashmir controlled by Pakistan. Indian control over remainder. Casualties and losses 1,103–1,500 Indian Army personnel killed; 3,154–3,500 wounded. 1,990 Jammu & Kashmir state forces killed or missing. Total military casualties: ~6,000–7,000 1,000 Pakistani troops killed. 5,000 tribesmen and Kashmiri rebels killed. ~14,000 Pakistani troops, tribesmen and Kashmiri rebels wounded. Total military casualties: ~20,000
Annexation of Junagadh (1948) Location: Junagadh	Dominion of India	State of Junagadh	Indian victory State of Junagadh annexed by the Dominion of India and incorporated into existing Saurashtra province. Casualties and losses Unknown
Annexation of Hyderabad (1948) Location: Hyderabad	Dominion of India	State of Hyderabad	Indian victory Hyderabad annexed to the Dominion of India as a new Hyderabad province. Casualties and losses <10 Indian Army personnel killed. 807 Hyderabad State forces killed; 1,647 captured. 1,373 Razakars killed; 1,911 captured.
Insurgency in Northeast India (1954-Present) Location(s): Nagaland, Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura	India Supported by: Bhutan Bangladesh Myanmar	Separatist grope(s) from Manipur: People's Liberation Army of Manipur Kangleipak Communist Party People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup Maoist Communist Party of Manipur Separatist grope(s) from Assam: United Liberation Front of Asom Kamtapur Liberation Organisation Separatist grope from Nagaland : National Socialist Council of Nagaland Separatist Grope from Arunachal Pradesh: Tani Army Trans-national separatist group: Kuki National Army Former group(s) United National Liberation Front (1964–2023) National Democratic Front of Boroland (1986–2020) National Liberation Front of Tripura (1989–2024) All Tripura Tiger Force (1990–2024) Karbi Longri N.C. Hills Liberation Front (2004–21) Bodo Liberation Tigers Force (1996-03) Zomi Revolutionary Army (1997–2005) Garo National Liberation Army (2009–18) Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council (2000–10) People's Democratic Council of Karbi Longri (2016–21) Adivasi Cobra Force (1996–2012) Mizo National Front (1954–86) Tripura National Volunteers (1978–88) Dima Halam Daogah (2009–13) United People's Democratic Solidarity (1999–2014) State Supporter: China (claimed by India) Myanmar(until 2018) Bhutan (until 2003) Non-State Supporter: CPI (Maoist)	Ongoing Ongoing (low level insurgency) The Insurgency in Mizoram ended in 1986 following the Mizoram Peace Accord The Insurgency in Tripura ended in 2024 following the 2024 Tripura Peace Accord
Congo Crisis (1960-65) Location: Congo	First Phase(1960–1963): Republic of the Congo Supported by: United Nations(ONUC) India Other states Soviet Union(1960) Second Phase(1963–1965): Democratic Republic of the Congo Supported by: United Nations(ONUC)(Up to 1964) India Other states United States Belgium	First Phase(1960–1963): State of Katanga South Kasai Supported by: Belgium Free Republic of the Congo Supported by: Soviet Union(post-1960–1962) Second Phase(1963–1965): Simba rebels Kwilu rebels Supported by: Soviet Union China Cuba	Victory Debellation of the State of Katanga.
Annexation of Goa (1961) Location(s): Portuguese India(Goa, Daman and Diu) Arabian Sea	India	Portugal	Victory Annexation of Goa, Daman and Diu into India. Casualties and losses 22 Indian shoulders killed,225 wounded 30 Portuguese shoulders killed, 57 wounded. 4,668 Portuguese shoulders captured. 1 sloop lost, 1 patrol boat sunk.
China-India War (1962) Location(s): Aksai Chin North-East Frontier Agency Assam	India	China	Defeat Status quo ante bellum
Indo-Pakistani War (1965) Location(s): Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, Bengal, Arabian Sea	India	Pakistan	Inconclusive United Nations mandated ceasefire India had an upper hand in the war^[1] No permanent territorial changes (see Tashkent Declaration)
Naxalite–Maoist insurgency (1967-Present) Location: India	India Supported by: (until 2011) Tritiya Prastuti Committee Salwa Judum Sunlight Sena Kuer Sena Ranvir Sena Bhumi Sena Lorik Sena	Communist Party of India (Maoist) People's Liberation Guerrilla Army (India) Jharkhand Janmukti Parishad People's Liberation Front of India Former group(s) Revolutionary Communist Centre(2006–2019) Odisha Maobadi Party(2002–2015) Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation (1974–1992) Lal Sena Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Janashakti (1992–2013) Communist Party of United States of India (1997–2005) Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) New Democracy Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (Mahadev Mukherjee) (until 2012) Akhil Bharat Nepali Ekta Samaj (until 2002) TNLA Supported by: ULFA^[2] NSCN^[2] PLA-MP MCPM KCP Declared support: International Communist League^[3] CPN (Maoist) CPN (2014)^[4] NPA^[5] PBSP^[6] (until 2021) PBCP^[7] (until 2021) CIC (until 1977) CCP (Maoist) (until 1976)^[8]	Ongoing Ongoing as a low level insurgency India successfully manages to reduce insurgent activity^[9]
Nathu La and Cho La Conflict (1967) Location: Sikkim	India	China	Victory Chinese withdrawal from the Kingdom of Sikkim
1971 JVP insurrection (1971) Location: Ceylon	Ceylon Supported by: India Pakistan Soviet Union	JVP Supported by: North Korea Albania (arms support) China (alleged) ASBPI CCP (Maoist)(alleged) Diplomatic support: South Yemen	Victory Rebel forces surrender Ceylonese government reestablishes control over entire island
Indo-Pakistani War (1971) part of the Bangladesh Liberation War Location(s): East Pakistan, Bay of Bangal Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujrat, Arabian Sea	India Bangladesh Supported by: Soviet Union	Pakistan Supported by: United States United Kingdom China Iran Ceylon Saudi Arabia	Victory Pakistani surrender in East Pakistan Independence of Bangladesh
Siachen conflict (1984,1987) Location: Siachen Glacier	India	Pakistan	Victory Annexation of the Siachen Glacier into India following Operation Meghdoot India captures Quaid Post / Bana Top during Operation Rajiv Ceasefire since 2003
Insurgency in Punjab (1984-1995) Location: Punjab	India	Khalistani militants Supported by: Pakistan	Victory Militancy defeated
The Second JVP insurrection (1987-89) Location: Sri Lanka	Sri Lanka India	Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna	Victory Emergency conditions in South-western and Central provinces of Sri Lanka lifted Insurgency declined following the fall of the Eastern bloc
Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War (1987-1990) Location: Sri Lanka	India Sri Lanka	Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam	Withdrawal Withdrawal of Indian peace-keeping forces from Sri Lanka Continuation of the Sri Lankan Civil War
Maldivian Anti-Coup Mission (1988) Location: Maldives	India Maldives	PLOTE Maldivian rebels	Victory Restoration of government rule in Maldives
Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir (1989-Present) Location: Jammu and Kashmir	India	Pakistan-based Terrorist group(s): Lashkar-e-Taiba The Resistance Front Hizbul Mujahideen Jaish-e-Mohammed HUM HuJI Al-Badr Al-Umar-Mujahideen People's Anti-Fascist Front Other separatist movements & insurgent militant groups Political opponent(s): All Parties Hurriyat Conference JIJK Supported by: Pakistan D-Company Al-Qaeda AQIS Ansar Ghazwat-ul-Hind Islamic State IS Khorasan IS Hind	Ongoing Ongoing low-level Insurgency Enforcement of AFSPA in Jammu and Kashmir
United Nations Operation in Somalia II (1993–1995) The part of Somali Civil War Location: Somalia	United Nations India Algeria Australia Austria Belgium Botswana Canada Denmark Egypt Fiji Finland France Germany Greece Indonesia Ireland Italy Jordan Kuwait Malaysia Morocco Nepal New Zealand Nigeria Norway Pakistan Philippines Romania Saudi Arabia South Korea Spain Sweden Switzerland Tunisia Turkey UAE United Kingdom United States Zimbabwe	Somali National Alliance Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya Somali National Front	UNOSOM II failure
Kargil War (1999) Location(s): Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir	India	Pakistan Non-state allies: United Jihad Council Lashkar-e-Taiba Hizbul Mujahideen Jaish-e-Mohammed HUM HuJI Al-Badr Al-Umar-Mujahideen Afghan mercenaries	Indian victory India regains possession of Kargil Status quo ante bellum
Operation Ocean Shield (2009-2016) Location(s): Indian Ocean, Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel, Arabian Sea, Red Sea	NATO Denmark United Kingdom United States France Netherlands Spain Greece Romania Germany Belgium Canada Italy Portugal Turkey Norway Non-NATO: India Others Indonesia Japan Malaysia New Zealand Oman Pakistan Peru Philippines Russia Saudi Arabia Seychelles Singapore South Africa South Korea Taiwan Thailand Ukraine Yemen	Somali pirates	Allied victory
China–India skirmishes (2020-21) Location: Ladakh	India	China	Stalemate 2,000 sq km of India-claimed territory was estimated to have been taken over by China since May 2020.
India-Pakistan conflict (2025) Location(s): India, Pakistan	India	Pakistan	Ceasefire

Notes

References

^ "Are India's plans to celebrate 1965 war 'victory' in 'bad taste'?". Geeta Pandey. BBC News. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
^ ^a ^b "Pakistan and the Naxalite Movement in India". Stratfor. 18 November 2010. Archived from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
^ "International Call for Actions: "He who is not afraid of death by a thousand cuts dares to unhorse the emperor"". CIIC. 25 April 2024. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
^ Stewart-Ingersoll, Robert (2012). Regional Powers and Security Orders. Routledge. p. 240.
^ Al Labita (22 April 2010). "Philippine reds export armed struggle". Asia Times. Archived from the original on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
^ "Bangla Maoists involved in plan to target PM". The Sunday Guardian. 9 June 2018. Archived from the original on 7 September 2018. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
^ "Purba Banglar Communist Party (PBCP), South Asia Terrorism Portal". South Asia Terrorism Portal. Archived from the original on 28 April 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
^ Singh, Prakash (1999). The Naxalite Movement in India. Rupa & Co. p. 24.
^ "Why has Maoist violence subsided in India?". DW-TV. 1 May 2023. Archived from the original on 4 April 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.

Sources

Bangash, Yaqoob Khan (2010), "Three Forgotten Accessions: Gilgit, Hunza and Nagar", The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 38 (1): 117–143, doi:10.1080/03086530903538269, S2CID 159652497
Barua, Pradeep (2005). The State at War in South Asia. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-1344-9.
Brown, William (30 November 2014). Gilgit Rebelion: The Major Who Mutinied Over Partition of India. Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-4738-2187-3.
Jamal, Arif (2009). Shadow War: The Untold Story of Jihad in Kashmir. Melville House. ISBN 978-1-933633-59-6.
Massey, Reginald (2005). Azaadi!. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 978-81-7017-469-1.

[1] "Are India's plans to celebrate 1965 war 'victory' in 'bad taste'?". Geeta Pandey. BBC News. Retrieved 13 August 2015.

[Strat-2] "Pakistan and the Naxalite Movement in India". Stratfor. 18 November 2010. Archived from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2011.

[3] "International Call for Actions: "He who is not afraid of death by a thousand cuts dares to unhorse the emperor"". CIIC. 25 April 2024. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.

[4] Stewart-Ingersoll, Robert (2012). Regional Powers and Security Orders. Routledge. p. 240.

[5] Al Labita (22 April 2010). "Philippine reds export armed struggle". Asia Times. Archived from the original on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2014.

[6] "Bangla Maoists involved in plan to target PM". The Sunday Guardian. 9 June 2018. Archived from the original on 7 September 2018. Retrieved 7 September 2018.

[7] "Purba Banglar Communist Party (PBCP), South Asia Terrorism Portal". South Asia Terrorism Portal. Archived from the original on 28 April 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2024.

[naxalite_movement-8] Singh, Prakash (1999). The Naxalite Movement in India. Rupa & Co. p. 24.

[9] "Why has Maoist violence subsided in India?". DW-TV. 1 May 2023. Archived from the original on 4 April 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.

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List of War and Conflicts

See also

Notes

References

Sources