Welsh exonyms
The modern Welsh language contains names for many towns and other geographical features in Great Britain and elsewhere. Names for places outside of Welsh-speaking regions are exonyms, not including spelling or pronunciation adaptations and translations of common nouns.
Names not in italics are dated or obsolete.
Argentina
| English name | Welsh name | Spanish name | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arroyo Pescado | Nant y Pysgod | Arroyo Pescado | |
| Cajón de Ginebra | Bocs Gin | Cajón de Ginebra | |
| Cerro Cóndor | Craig yr Eryr | Cerro Cóndor | |
| Cerro Trono de las Nubes | Gorsedd y Cwmwl | Cerro Trono de las Nubes | |
| Chico River | Afon Fach | Rio Chico | |
| Chubut River | Afon Camwy | Rio Chubut | |
| Colonia 16 de Octubre | Cwm Hyfryd, Bro Hydref | Colonia 16 de Octubre | |
| Desvío km 22 | Tŵr Joseph | Desvío km 22 | |
| Dolavon | Dol Afon | Dolavon | |
| Estación Laguna Grande | Llyn Mawr | Estación Laguna Grande | |
| Florentino Ameghino Dam | Yr Argae | Dique Florentino Ameghino | |
| Fuerte Aventura | Caer Antur | Fuerte Aventura | |
| Laguna de Aaron | Llyn Aaron | Laguna de Aaron | |
| Laguna de Agnia | Llyn Ania | Laguna de Agnia | |
| La Angostura | Lle Cul | La Angostura | |
| Las Plumas | Dôl y Plu | Las Plumas | |
| Loma Blanca | Bryn Gwyn | Loma Blanca | |
| Paso de Indios | Rhyd yr Indiaid | Paso de Indios | |
| Pampa de Agnia | Pant y Ffwdan | Pampa de Agnia | |
| Puerto Madryn | Porth Madryn | Puerto Madryn | |
| Rawson | Trerawson | Rawson | |
| Río Corrintos | Aber Gyrants | Río Corrintos | |
| Tecka | Hafn Lâs | Tecka | |
| Trelew | Tre Lew(is) | Trelew | |
| Trevelin | Tre Felin | Trevelin | |
| Valle de los Mártires | Dyffryn y Merthyron | Valle de los Mártires | |
| Valle Frío | Dyffryn Oer | Valle Frío | |
| Valle 16 de octubre | Cwm Hyfryd/Bro Hydref | Valle 16 de octubre | |
| Veintiocho de Julio | Tir Halen | Veintiocho de Julio | |
Australia
| English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tiriogaeth Prifddinas Awstralia | Australian Capital Territory | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kangaroo Island | Ynys Cangarŵ | Kangaroo Island Karta Pintingga |
|||||||||||||||||||||
| De Cymru Newydd | New South Wales | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tiriogaeth y Gogledd | Northern Territory | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| De Awstralia | South Australia | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gorllewin Awstralia | Western Australia | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Belgium
| English name | Welsh name | Endonyms | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Brussels | Brwsel | Bruxelles Brussel |
French Dutch |
|
| Fflandrys | Vlaanderen Flandres |
Dutch French |
||
Canada
| English name | Welsh name | Endonyms | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Columbia Brydeinig | British Columbia Columbie Britannique |
|||
| Newfoundland | Tir Newydd | Newfoundland Terre-Neuve Ktaqmkuk |
[1] | |
| Tir Newydd a Labrador | Newfoundland and Labrador Terre-Neuve et Labrador |
|||
| Yr Alban Newydd | Nova Scotia Nouvelle-Écosse Alba Nuadh Nopa Sko'sia |
|||
Czech Republic
| English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Moravia | Morafia | Morava | |
| Prague | Prag | Praha | |
Egypt
| English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alexandria | Alecsandria | al-Iskandariyya (الإسكندرية) | |
France
| English name | Welsh name | Endonyms | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Alps | Alpau, Mynydd Mynnau | Alpes | French | [1] |
| Alsás | Alsace | French | [1] | |
| Angyw, Aensio | Anjou | French | [1] | |
| Acwitania | Aquitaine | French | [1] | |
| Afarn | Auvergne | French | [1] | |
| Llydaw | Breizh | Breton | [1] | |
| Bretagne | French | |||
| Bertaèyn | Gallo | |||
| Bwrgwyn | Bourgogne | French | [1] | |
| Siampaen | Champagne | French | [1] | |
| Gasgwyn | Gascogne | French | [1] | |
| Gasconha | Gascon | |||
| Gaskoinia | Basque | |||
| Hanawt | Hainaut | French | [1] | |
| Maine | Maen | Maine | French | [1] |
| Normandi, Norddmandi | Normandie | French | [1] | |
| Normaundie | Norman | |||
| Picardi | Picardie | French, Picard | [1] | |
| Profens | Provence | French | [1] | |
| Safwy | Savoie | French | [1] | |
| Strasbourg | Strasbwrg | Strasbourg | French | |
| Straßburg | German | |||
Germany
| English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Bafaria | Bayern | Bavarian, German | ||
| Cologne | Cwlen | Kölle | Colognian | |
| Köln | German | |||
| Hamburg | Hambwrg | Hamburg | ||
Greece
| English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aegean Sea | Môr Aegeaidd, Môr Egeaidd | Aigaio pelagos (Αιγαίο πέλαγος) | |
| Athens | Athen | Athína (Αθήνα) | |
| Cephalonia | Ceffalonia | Kefaloniá (Κεφαλονιά) | |
| Crete | Creta | Kríti (Κρήτη) | |
| Dodecanese | Y Deuddeng Ynys | Dodekánisa (Δωδεκάνησα) | |
| Rhodes | Rhodos | Ródos (Ρόδος) | |
| Thessaloniki | Thessaloníci | Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη) | |
Israel/Palestine
| English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Galilee | Galilea | HaGalil (הגליל) | Hebrew | |
| Jerusalem | Jeriwsalem, Caersalem | Yerushalayim (ירושלים) / al-Quds (القُدس) | Hebrew/Arabic | |
Ireland
| English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cork | Corc | Corcaigh | |
| Dublin | Dulyn | Baile Átha Cliath | Welsh name derives from the older Irish name Duibhlinn. |
| Derry | Dinas y Deri | Doire | |
| Ulster | Wlster; Wlaidd, Wledd, Wleth | Ulaidh | |
| Wexford | Llwch Garmon | Loch Garman | |
Italy
| English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Fflorens | Firenze | Italian | [1] | |
| Rhufain | Roma | Italian | [1] | |
| Sisili | Sicilia | Italian, Sicilian | [1] | |
| Twsgani, Tysgani | Toscana | Italian | [1] | |
| Fenis | Venesia | Venetian | [1] | |
| Venezia | Italian | |||
| Dinas y Fatican | Civitatis Vaticanae | Latin | [1] | |
| Città del Vaticano | Italian | |||
Japan
| English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tokyo | Tocio | 東京 (Tōkyō) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Slovakia
| English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Bratislava | Bratislafa | Bratislava | Slovak | |
South Africa
| English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Cape Town | Tref y Penrhyn | Kaapstad, iKapa | Afrikaans, Xhosa | |
| Cape of Good Hope | Penrhyn Gobaith Da | Kaap die Goeie Hoop | Afrikaans | |
Spain
| English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Ynysoedd Balearaidd | Illes Balears, Islas Baleares | Catalan, Spanish | ||
| Gwlad y Basg | Euskal Herria, País Vasco | Basque, Spanish | ||
| Yr Ynysoedd Dedwydd, Ynysoedd y Cŵn | Islas Canarias | Spanish | ||
| Catalwnia | Catalunya, Cataluña | Catalan, Spanish | ||
| Galisia | Galicia Galiza |
Galician/Portuguese Portuguese |
||
| Cymuned Falensia | Valencia, València | Spanish, Catalan | ||
Turkey
| English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Constantinople | Caergystennin | قسطنطينيه (Ḳosṭanṭīnīye) Κωνσταντινούπολις (Kōnstantinoupolis) Constantinopolis |
|
| Istanbul | Istanbwl | İstanbul | |
United Kingdom (excluding Wales) and Crown dependencies
| English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Archenfield | Ergyng | Archenfield | English | |
| Ballingham | Llanbugnal | Ballingham | English | |
| Bath | Caerfaddon | Bath | English | |
| Belfast | Belffast | Béal Feirste | Irish | |
| Berwick-upon-Tweed | Caerferwig; Berwig | Berwick-upon-Tweed | Irish | |
| Birkenhead | Penbedw | Birkenhead | English | |
| Bishop's Castle | Trefesgob | Bishop's Castle | English | |
| Bridstow | Llansanffraid | Bridstow | English | |
| Bristol | Bryste; Caerodor | Bristol | English | |
| Cambridge | Caergrawnt | Cambridge | English | |
| Cambridgeshire | Swydd Gaergrawnt | Cambridgeshire | English | |
| Canterbury | Caergaint | Canterbury | English | |
| Carlisle | Caerliwelydd | Carlisle | English | |
| Catterick | Catraeth | Catterick | English | |
| Channel Islands | Ynysoedd y Sianel | Îles Normandes | French | |
| Cheltenham | Treffynnon | Cheltenham | English | |
| Cheshire | Swydd Gaer | Cheshire | English | |
| Chester | Caer(llion Fawr) | Chester | English | |
| Chichester | Caerfuddai [2] | Chichester | English | |
| Chirbury | Llanffynhonwen | Chirbury | English | |
| Clyde | Clud | Cluaidh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Clyde | English, Scots | |||
| Colchester | Caercolyn | Colchester | English | |
| Cornwall | Cernyw | Kernow | Cornish | |
| Coventry | Cofentri, Cwyntry | Coventry | English | |
| Crewe | Cryw, Criw | Crewe | English | |
| Devon | Dyfnaint | Devon | English | |
| Doncaster | Dinas y Garrai; Caerdaun | Doncaster | English | |
| Dover | Dofr[3] | Dover | English | |
| Dumfries | Caerferes | Dumfries | English | |
| Dùn Phris | Scottish Gaelic | |||
| Durham | Dyrham; Caerweir | Durham | English | |
| East Midlands | Dwyrain Canolbarth Lloegr | East Midlands | English | |
| Edinburgh | Caeredin; Dinas Eidyn | Dùn Èideann | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Edinburgh | English, Scots | |||
| England | Lloegr | England | English | |
| English Channel | Môr Udd | English Channel | English | |
| La Manche | French | |||
| Mor Bretannek | Cornish | |||
| Exeter | Caerwysg | Exeter | English | |
| Falmouth | Aberfal | Aberfala | Cornish | |
| Firth of Forth | Moryd Gweryd, Aber Gweryd | Linne Foirthe | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Forest of Dean | Cantref Coch | Forest of Dean | English | |
| Foy | Llantiuoi | Foy | English | |
| River Forth | Afon Gweryd[4] | Abhainn Dubh, Uisge For | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Glastonbury | Ynys Gwydrin, Ynys Wydrin | Glastonbury | English | |
| Gloucester | Caerloyw | Gloucester | English | |
| Gloucestershire | Swydd Gaerloyw | Gloucestershire | English | |
| Guernsey | Ynys y Garn | Guernèsi | Guernésiais | |
| Hebrides | Ynysoedd Heledd | Innse Gall | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Hentland | Henlland | Hentland | English | |
| Hereford | Henffordd | Hereford | English | |
| Herefordshire | Swydd Henffordd | Herefordshire | English | |
| Humber | Hwmbr | Humber | English | |
| Isle of Man | Ynys Manaw | Ellan Vannin | Manx | |
| Isle of Skye | Yr Ynys Hir | Eilean Sgitheanach | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Isle of Wight | Ynys Wyth | Isle of Wight | English | |
| Kenderchurch | Llancrug | Kenderchurch | English | |
| Kent | Caint | Kent | English | |
| Kentchurch | Llancein | Kentchurch | English | |
| Kilpeck | Llanddewi Cil Peddeg | Kilpeck | English | |
| Kington | Ceintun | Kington | English | |
| Lancashire | Swydd Gaerhirfryn | Lancashire | English | |
| Lancaster | Caerhirfryn | Lancaster | English | |
| Leicester | Caerlŷr | Leicester | English | |
| Leicestershire | Swydd Gaerlŷr | Leicestershire | English | |
| Leominster | Llanllieni | Leominster | English | |
| Lichfield | Caerlwytgoed | Lichfield | English | |
| Lincoln | Caerllyn, Llyncwlen | Lincoln | English | |
| Liverpool | Lerpwl, Llynlleifiad | Liverpool | English | |
| Loch Lomond | Llyn Llumonwy | Loch Laomainn | Scottish Gaelic | |
| London | Llundain, Caerludd | London | English | |
| Long Mynd | Cefn Hirfynydd | Long Mynd | English | |
| Ludlow | Llwydlo | Ludlow | English | |
| Lundy | Ynys Wair | Lundy | English | |
| Manchester | Manceinion | Manchester | English | |
| Greater Manchester | Manceinion Fwyaf | Manchester | English | |
| Marstow | Llanmartin | Marstow | English | |
| Mersey | Merswy | Mersey | English | |
| Merseyside | Glannau Merswy | Merseyside | English | |
| Michaelchurch | Llanmihangel | Michaelchurch | English | |
| Much Dewchurch | Llandewi | Much Dewchurch | English | |
| Much Wenlock | Gweunllwg | Much Wenlock | English | |
| Nantwich | Yr Heledd Wen | Nantwich | English | |
| Northwich | Yr Heledd Ddu | Northwich | English | |
| Nottingham | Y Tŷ Ogofog | Nottingham | English | |
| Orkney | Ynysoedd Erch | Arcaibh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Oswestry | Croesoswallt | Oswestry | English | |
| Oxford | Rhydychen | Oxford | English | |
| Oxfordshire | Swydd Rydychen | Oxfordshire | English | |
| Pennines | Penwynion | Pennines | English | |
| Penrith | Penrhudd | Penrith | English | |
| Peterborough | Trebedr | Peterborough | English | |
| Plymouth | Aberplym | Plymouth | English | |
| Portsmouth | Llongborth | Portsmouth | English | |
| Preston | Trefoffeiriaid | Preston | English | |
| Ross-on-Wye | Rhosan-ar-Wy | Ross-on-Wye | English | |
| St Weonards | Llansangwenardd | St Weonards | English | |
| Salisbury | Caersallog; Caercaradog, Caergradwg | Salisbury | English | |
| Sark | Sarc | Cerq, Sèr | French | |
| Scotland | Yr Alban | Alba | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Scotland | English, Scots | |||
| Sellack | Llansulac | Sellack | English | |
| Somerset | Gwlad-yr-haf | Somerset | English | |
| Shrewsbury | Amwythig | Shrewsbury | English | |
| Shropshire | Swydd Amwythig | Shropshire | English | |
| St Albans | Caermincip | St Albans | English | |
| The Stiperstones | Carneddau Teon | The Stiperstones | English | |
| Stonehenge | Côr y Cewri | Stonehenge | English | |
| Strathclyde | Ystrad Clud | Srath Chluaidh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Thames | Tafwys | Thames | English | |
| Trent | Trannon | Trent | English | |
| Ulster | Wlster; Wlaidd, Wledd, Wleth | Ulaidh | Irish | |
| Warwick | Warwig | Warwick | English | |
| Warwickshire | Swydd Warwig | Warwickshire | English | |
| Welsh Bicknor | Llangystennin Garth Brenni | Welsh Bicknor | English | |
| West Midlands | Gorllewin Canolbarth Lloegr | West Midlands | English | |
| Westminster | San Steffan | Westminster | English | |
| Whitchurch | Yr Eglwys Wen | Whitchurch | English | |
| Winchester | Caerwynt, Caerguint | Winchester | English | |
| Wirral | Cilgwri | Wirral | English | |
| Worcester | Caerwrangon | Worcester | English | |
| Worcestershire | Swydd Gaerwrangon | Worcestershire | English | |
| The Wrekin | Din Gwrygon | The Wrekin | English | |
| Wroxeter | Caerwrygion | Wroxeter | English | |
| York | Efrog, Caerefrog | York | English | |
| Yorkshire | Swydd Efrog | Yorkshire | English | |
United States
| English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California | Califfornia[5] | California | |||||||||||||||||||||
| New Mexico | Mecsico Newydd | New Mexico Nueva México |
|||||||||||||||||||||
| New York City | Dinas Efrog Newydd | New York City | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Pennsylvania | Pensylfania | Pennsylvania | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Texas | Tecsas | Texas Tejas |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Sources
- Collins-Longman, Yr Atlas Cymraeg Newydd, ISBN 1-86085-377-3 (1999)
- Book of Llandaff
- Welsh Academy English–Welsh Dictionary
See also
- List of European exonyms
- List of European regions with alternative names
- List of European rivers with alternative names
- Names of European cities in different languages
- Welsh placenames
- Welsh place names in other countries
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Griffiths, Bruce; Jones, Dafydd Glyn (2003). Welsh Academy English–Welsh Dictionary.
- ^ "Irac: AS yn galw am ymchwiliad". 27 June 2003. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
- ^ Geiriadur yr Academi, p. 419.
- ^ Crawford, O. G. S. (2011). Topography of Roman Scotland: North of the Antonine Wall. Cambridge University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-107-68473-7. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ "BBC Radio Cymru - Byd Iolo, Califfornia".