Western Mansi language

Western Mansi
Western Mansi
маньсь льӓх, моаньсь лаатых
Pronunciation	[manʲsʲ lʲæx], [moɒ̯nʲsʲ laːtəx]
Native to	Russia
Region	Sverdlovsk
Extinct	late 20th century
Language family	Uralic Finno-Ugric? Ugric? Ob-Ugric? Mansi Core Central Western Mansi; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Dialects	Pelym; North Vagil; South Vagil; Lower Lozva; Middle Lozva; Vishera;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	west2976
ELP	Western Mansi
	Traditional distribution and current Mansi settlements
	Western Mansi is classified as Extinct by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010)

Western Mansi is an Uralic language that was described as "probably extinct" in 1988.^[3] Although the last speaker is not known, none existed by the end of the 20th century.^[4]

The language had strong Russian and Komi influences and considerable dialect differences.^[5] Long vowels were diphthongized.

Phonology

Consonants

Western Mansi consonants^[6]
		Labial	Alveolar		(Alveolo-) palatal	Velar
		Labial	plain	palatalized	(Alveolo-) palatal	plain	labialized
Nasals		/m/ м	/n/ н	/nʲ/ нь		/ŋ/ ӈ	/ŋʷ/ ӈв
Stops		/p/ п	/t/ т	/tʲ/ ть		/k/ к	/kʷ/ кв
Fricatives	voiceless		/s/ с	/sʲ/ сь	/ʃ/ ш	/x/ х	/xʷ/ хв
Fricatives	voiced	(β) в				/ɣ/ г
Semivowels					/j/ й		/w/ в
Laterals			/l/ л	/lʲ/ ль
Trill			/r/ р

/w/ could also be pronounced as [β].

Vowels

Western Mansi vowels^[6]
	Front		Central	Back
	unrounded	rounded	Central	Back
Close	i, iː	y, yː	ɨ	u, uː
Close-mid	e, eː		ɘ, ɘː	o, oː
Open-mid				ɔ, ɔː ^ML
Open	æ, æː		a, aː ^PM	(ɑː) ^ML

(PM=Present only in Pelym Mansi | ML=Present only in Middle Lozva Mansi)

The long /aː/ sound was heard as back [ɑː] in Middle Lozva Mansi.

Diphthongs

Diphthongs were listed as /oɒ̯/ and /eæ̯/.^[6]

References

^ Rantanen, Timo; Tolvanen, Harri; Roose, Meeli; Ylikoski, Jussi; Vesakoski, Outi (2022-06-08). "Best practices for spatial language data harmonization, sharing and map creation—A case study of Uralic". PLOS ONE. 17 (6): e0269648. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1769648R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0269648. PMC 9176854. PMID 35675367.
^ Rantanen, Timo, Vesakoski, Outi, Ylikoski, Jussi, & Tolvanen, Harri. (2021). Geographical database of the Uralic languages (v1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784188
^ Sinor, Denis (1988-01-01). The Uralic Languages: Description, History and Foreign Influences. BRILL. doi:10.1163/9789004492493_011. ISBN 978-90-04-49249-3.
^ Salminen, Tapani (2023). "Demography, endangerment, and revitalization". In Abondolo, Daniel Mario; Valijärvi, Riitta-Liisa (eds.). The Uralic languages. Routledge Language Family (2nd ed.). London New York: Routledge. p. 101-102. ISBN 978-1-138-65084-8.
^ Kálmán, Béla (1965). Vogul Chrestomathy. Indiana University Publications. Uralic and Altaic Series. Vol. 46. The Hague: Mouton. pp. 4–5.
^ ^a ^b ^c Eichinger, Viktoria (2017). Westmansisch anhand der Textsammlungen von Munkácsi und Kannisto. Universität Wien.

[1] Rantanen, Timo; Tolvanen, Harri; Roose, Meeli; Ylikoski, Jussi; Vesakoski, Outi (2022-06-08). "Best practices for spatial language data harmonization, sharing and map creation—A case study of Uralic". PLOS ONE. 17 (6): e0269648. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1769648R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0269648. PMC 9176854. PMID 35675367.

[2] Rantanen, Timo, Vesakoski, Outi, Ylikoski, Jussi, & Tolvanen, Harri. (2021). Geographical database of the Uralic languages (v1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784188

[3] Sinor, Denis (1988-01-01). The Uralic Languages: Description, History and Foreign Influences. BRILL. doi:10.1163/9789004492493_011. ISBN 978-90-04-49249-3.

[salminen-4] Salminen, Tapani (2023). "Demography, endangerment, and revitalization". In Abondolo, Daniel Mario; Valijärvi, Riitta-Liisa (eds.). The Uralic languages. Routledge Language Family (2nd ed.). London New York: Routledge. p. 101-102. ISBN 978-1-138-65084-8.

[5] Kálmán, Béla (1965). Vogul Chrestomathy. Indiana University Publications. Uralic and Altaic Series. Vol. 46. The Hague: Mouton. pp. 4–5.

[:0-6] Eichinger, Viktoria (2017). Westmansisch anhand der Textsammlungen von Munkácsi und Kannisto. Universität Wien.

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