List of sovereign states by employment rate

This is a list of countries by employment rate, the proportion of employed adults at working age. The definition of "working age" varies: Many sources, including the OECD, use 15–64 years old,^[1] but EUROSTAT uses 20–64 years old,^[2] the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics uses 16 years old and older (no cut-off at 65 and up),^[3] and the Office for National Statistics of the United Kingdom uses 16–64 years old.^[4]

List

Employment rate by country
Country	Rate (%)	Ages	Year	Source
Iceland	86.9	15–64	2023	OECD^[5]
Netherlands	80.8	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Switzerland	80.1	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
New Zealand *	79.2	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Japan	78.0	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Norway	77.5	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Germany	76.8	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Denmark *	76.5	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Sweden *	76.0	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
United Kingdom *	75.5	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Australia *	75.3	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
China *	75.1	15–64	2010	OECD^[1]
Czech Republic	75.0	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Estonia *	75.0	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Canada *	74.7	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Hungary *	73.9	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Malta *	73.8	15–64	2020	OECD^[1]
Finland *	73.5	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Lithuania	73.4	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Austria	73.3	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Ireland	72.4	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Slovenia	72.4	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Russia *	72.2	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Portugal *	71.0	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Poland *	70.9	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
United States *	70.5	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Slovakia *	70.5	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Latvia	70.2	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Cyprus	69.9	15–64	2020	OECD^[1]
Luxembourg	69.4	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
OECD Average	68.5	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Bulgaria *	68.5	15–64	2020	OECD^[1]
Israel	68.2	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
France *	67.7	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
South Korea *	67.2	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Belgium *	66.0	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Indonesia	65.9	15–64	2019	OECD^[1]
Romania	65.6	15–64	2020	OECD^[1]
Spain *	63.8	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Croatia *	62.0	15–64	2020	OECD^[1]
Mexico *	61.9	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Albania	60.6	15–64	2020	INSTAT^[7]
Chile *	60.2	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Italy	59.4	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Greece *	59.2	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Costa Rica	58.5	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Colombia	57.9	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
Brazil *	56.7	15–64	2020	OECD^[1]
North Macedonia	54.7	15–64	2020	OECD^[1]
Turkey *	51.7	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]
India *	49.0	15–64	2020	OECD^[1]
Moldova	47.6	15–64	Q2, 2021	Moldova National Bureau of Statistics^[8]
Serbia	47.4	15–64	2019	Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia^[9]
Bosnia and Herzegovina	43.0	15–64	2017	Agency of Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina^[10]
Kosovo	40.2	15–64	Q3, 2016	Kosovo Agency of Statistics^[11]
South Africa *	36.5	15–64	2021	OECD^[6]

For comparability purposes, this article uses OECD statistics (where available).

* indicates "Unemployment in COUNTRY or TERRITORY" links.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k "LFS by sex and age - indicators". OECD. 2020. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
^ "Employment statistics". EUROSTAT. June 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
^ "An Overview of the Employment-Population Ratio" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. 2015-05-27. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
^ "Employment and employee types". Office for National Statistics. 16 August 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
^ "Labour force participation rate". 2025. Retrieved 2025-01-20.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an "OECD Data - Employment rate". OECD. 2022. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
^ "Anketa Tremujore e Forcave të Punës, T4 - 2016" (PDF). INSTAT. 2017.
^ "// Comunicate de presă". 6 September 2021.
^ "Labour Force Survey, Q1 2019". stat.gov.rs. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
^ "Demography and Social Statistics, Labour Force Survey 2017" (PDF). Agency of Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 11 July 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
^ "Results of "Labour Force Survey (LFS) in Kosovo", Q3 2016". ask.rks-gov.net. 25 January 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2017.

Employment
Classifications	Academic tenure Casual Contingent work Full-time job Gig worker Job sharing Part-time job Self-employment Side job Skilled worker Journeyman Technician Tradesperson Independent contractor Labour hire Temporary work Laborer Wage labour
Hiring	Application Background check Business networking Cover letter Curriculum vitae Drug testing Employment contract Employment counsellor Executive search list Induction programme Job fair Job fraud Job hunting Job interview Letter of recommendation Onboarding Overqualification Person–environment fit Personality–job fit theory Personality hire Probation Realistic job preview Recruitment Résumé Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates Underemployment Work-at-home scheme
Roles	Cooperative Employee Employer Internship Job Labour hire Permanent employment Supervisor Volunteering
Working class	Blue-collar Green-collar Grey-collar Pink-collar Precariat White-collar Red-collar New-collar No-collar Orange-collar Scarlet-collar Black-collar Gold-collar
Career and training	Apprenticeship Artisan Master craftsman Avocation Career assessment Career counseling Career development Coaching Creative class Education Continuing education E-learning Employability Further education Graduate school Induction training Knowledge worker Licensure Lifelong learning Overspecialization Practice-based professional learning Professional association Professional certification Professional development Professional school Reflective practice Retraining Vocational education Vocational school Vocational university Mentorship Occupational Outlook Handbook Practice firm Profession Operator Professional Tradesman Vocation
Attendance	Break Break room Career break Furlough Gap year Leave of absence Long service leave No call, no show Sabbatical Sick leave Stress leave Time clock
Schedules	35-hour workweek Four-day week Eight-hour day 996 working hour system Flextime On-call Overtime Remote work Six-hour day Shift work Working time Workweek and weekend
Wages and salaries	Frisch elasticity of labor supply Global labor arbitrage Labour economics Labor share Labour supply Living wage Maximum wage National average salary World Europe Minimum wage Canada Hong Kong Europe United States Price elasticity of demand Progressive wage Singapore Overtime rate Paid time off Performance-related pay Remuneration Salary cap
Benefits	Annual leave Casual Friday Child care Disability insurance Health insurance Life insurance Marriage leave Parental leave Pension By country Sick leave United States Take-home vehicle
Taxes	Payroll tax Tax bracket Income tax Negative Disposable income Salary packaging Unreported employment
Safety and health	Crunch Epilepsy and employment Human factors and ergonomics Karoshi List of countries by rate of fatal workplace accidents Occupational burnout Occupational disease Occupational exposure limit Occupational health psychology Occupational injury Occupational noise Occupational stress Personal protective equipment Repetitive strain injury Right to sit United States Sick building syndrome Work accident Occupational fatality Workers' compensation Workers' right to access the toilet Workplace health promotion Workplace phobia Workplace wellness
Equal opportunity	Affirmative action Discrimination Equal pay for equal work Gender pay gap Glass ceiling
Infractions	Corporate collapses and scandals Accounting scandals Control fraud Corporate behaviour Corporate crime Exploitation of labour Dress code Employee handbook Employee monitoring Evaluation Labour law Sexual harassment Sleeping while on duty Wage theft Whistleblower Workplace bullying Workplace harassment Workplace incivility
Willingness	Boreout Careerism Civil conscription Conscription Critique of work Dead-end job Job satisfaction McJob Organizational commitment Refusal of work Slavery Bonded labour Human trafficking Labour camp Penal labour Peonage Truck wages Unfree labour Wage slavery Work ethic Work–life interface Downshifting Slow living Workaholic
Termination	At-will employment Dismissal Banishment room Constructive dismissal Wrongful dismissal Employee offboarding Exit interview Layoff Notice period Pink slip Resignation Letter of resignation Restructuring Retirement Mandatory retirement Microretirement Retirement planning Retirement spend-down Severance package Golden handshake Golden parachute Turnover
Unemployment	Barriers to entry Discouraged worker Economic depression Great Depression Long Depression Frictional unemployment Full employment Graduate unemployment Involuntary unemployment Jobless recovery Phillips curve Recession Great Recession Job losses caused by the Great Recession Lists of recessions Recession-proof job Reserve army of labour Structural unemployment Technological unemployment Types of unemployment Unemployment benefits Unemployment Convention, 1919 Unemployment extension List of countries by unemployment rate Employment-to-population ratio Wage curve Youth unemployment
Public programs	Workfare Unemployment insurance Make-work job Job creation program Job creation index Job guarantee Employer of last resort Guaranteed minimum income Right to work Historical: U.S.A.: Civil Works Administration Works Progress Administration Comprehensive Employment and Training Act
See also	Bullshit job Busy work Credentialism and educational inflation Emotional labor Evil corporation Going postal Kiss up kick down Labor rights Make-work job Narcissism in the workplace Post-work society Presenteeism Psychopathy in the workplace Sunday scaries Slow movement (culture) Toxic leader Toxic workplace Wage compression Working poor Workhouse
See also templates Aspects of corporations Aspects of jobs Aspects of occupations Aspects of organizations Aspects of workplaces Corporate titles Critique of work Organized labor

Lists of countries by population statistics
Global	Current population United Nations Demographics of the world
Continents/subregions	Africa Antarctica Asia Europe North America Caribbean Oceania South America
Intercontinental	Americas Arab world Commonwealth of Nations Eurasia European Union Islands Latin America Middle East
Cities/urban areas	World cities National capitals Megacities Megalopolises
Past and future	Past and future population Estimates of historical world population Human population projections 1 1000 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 1939 1989 2000 2005 2010 2015 Population milestones
Population density	Current density Past and future population density Person-to-arable land ratio
Growth indicators	Population growth rate Natural increase Net reproduction rate Number of births Number of deaths Birth rate Mortality rate Fertility rate Past fertility rate
Life expectancy	World Africa Asia Europe North America Oceania South America world regions past life expectancy
Other demographics	Age at childbearing Age at first marriage Age structure Dependency ratio Divorce rate Ethnic and cultural diversity level Ethnic composition Immigrant population Linguistic diversity Median age Net migration rate Number of households Religion / Irreligion Sex ratio Urban population Urbanization
Health	Antidepressant consumption Antiviral medications for pandemic influenza HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate Infant and under-five mortality rates Maternal mortality rate Obesity rate Percentage suffering from undernourishment Health expenditure by country by type of financing Suicide rate Total health expenditure per capita Health spending as % of GDP Body mass index (BMI)
Education and innovation	Bloomberg Innovation Index Education Index Global Innovation Index International Innovation Index Literacy rate Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) Tertiary education attainment World Intellectual Property Indicators
Economic	Access to financial services Development aid donors Official Development Assistance received Employment rate Irrigated land area Human Development Index by country inequality-adjusted planetary pressures–adjusted HDI Human Poverty Index Imports Exports Income equality Labour force Share of income of top 1% Number of millionaires (US dollars) Number of billionaires (US dollars) Percentage living in poverty Public sector Unemployment rate Wealth inequality
List of international rankings Lists by country

List

See also

References