Alacalufan languages

Alacalufan
Alacalufan
Kawesqaran
Geographic; distribution	Chile
Ethnicity	Alacaluf people
Linguistic classification	One of the world's primary language families
Subdivisions	Kawesqar; Central Alacaluf †; Southern Alacaluf †; ?Guaicaro †;
Language codes
ISO 639-5	aqa
Glottolog	kawe1237

The Alacalufan languages or Kawesqaran languages are a small language family of South America. They have not been definitely linked to any other American language family.^[1]^[2]

Languages

Early vocabularies show that Alakaluf was three languages, with an extinct Southern Alakaluf (vocabularies in Fitz-Roy 1839 and Hyades & Deniker 1891) and Central Alakaluf (vocabularies in Borgatello 1928, Marcel 1892, and Skottsberg 1913) in addition to the critically endangered northern variety, Kawésqar.^[3]

Based on alleged toponymic evidence, a purported Kakauhua language has sometimes been included in the Alacalufan family.

Guaicaro may have been a dialect of Central Alakaluf or Kawesqar.

Mason (1950)

Mason (1950) lists:^[4]

Caucawe (Kaukahue, etc.)
Enoo (Peshera)
Lecheyel
Yekinawe (Yequinahuere, etc.)
Adwipliin
Alikulip, Alakaluf, etc.
Calen
Taijatof

Chono, Caraica (Karaika), and Poya may also belong.

Vocabulary

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for the "Aksanas" and "Alacaluf" languages.^[5]

gloss	Northern Alacaluf (Southern Alacaluf)	Southern Alacaluf (Central Alacaluf)	Kaueskar
tongue	lekél	paileaf	kalaktás
hand	palkár	yukebe	terwá
water	karkasa	arrét	chfalai
moon	dzyakapés	yakapech	kapánuk
dog	salki	shalki	kyurro
fish	xawoel	orol	keuwako
canoe	peler	cherru	kaief

References

^ Campbell, L. (1997). American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford Studies in Anthropological Linguistics 4. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
^ Adelaar, W. F. H., & Muysken, P. C. (2004). The Languages of the Andes. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
^ Viegas Barros (1990, 2005), cited in Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
^ Mason, John Alden (1950). "The languages of South America". In Steward, Julian (ed.). Handbook of South American Indians. Vol. 6. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143. pp. 157–317.
^ Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.

[1] Campbell, L. (1997). American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford Studies in Anthropological Linguistics 4. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[2] Adelaar, W. F. H., & Muysken, P. C. (2004). The Languages of the Andes. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[3] Viegas Barros (1990, 2005), cited in Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices

[Mason-1950-4] Mason, John Alden (1950). "The languages of South America". In Steward, Julian (ed.). Handbook of South American Indians. Vol. 6. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143. pp. 157–317.

[Loukotka-5] Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.

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