Bromazine , sold under the brand names Ambodryl , Ambrodil , and Deserol  among others, also known as bromodiphenhydramine , is an antihistamine  and anticholinergic  medication of the ethanolamine  class.[ 1] [ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] analogue  of diphenhydramine  with a bromine  substitution  on one of the phenyl rings .[ 1] [ 2] 
Synthesis 
Synthesis:[ 6] [ 7]  Grignard reaction between phenylmagnesium bromide  and para-bromobenzaldehyde [1122-91-4] (1 ) gives p-bromobenzhydrol [29334-16-5] (2 ). Halogenation with acetyl bromide  in benzene solvent gives p-bromo-benzhydrylbromide [18066-89-2] (3 ). Finally, etherification with deanol  completed the synthesis of Bromazine (4 ).
Side effects 
Continuous and/or cumulative use of anticholinergic  medications, including first-generation antihistamines, is associated with higher risk for cognitive decline  and dementia  in elderly people.[ 8] [ 9] 
References 
^ a b   Elks J, ed. (14 November 2014). The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies ISBN  978-1-4757-2085-3 . OCLC  1058412474 . ^ a b   Swiss Pharmaceutical Society (2000). Swiss Pharmaceutical Society (ed.). Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory ISBN  978-3-88763-075-1 . ^ Baker CE (1974). Physicians' Desk Reference  (28th ed.). Oradell, NJ: Medical Economics Company. pp. 1076, 1081. ^ Kalpaklioglu F, Baccioglu A (2012). "Efficacy and safety of H1-antihistamines: an update". Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry . 11  (3): 230– 237. doi :10.2174/1871523011202030230 . PMID  23173575 . ^ Maclaren WR, Bruff WC, Eisenberg BC, Weiner H, Martin WH (1955). "A clinical comparison of carbinoxamine maleate, tripelennamine hydrochloride, and bromodiphenhydramine hydrochloride in treating allergic symptoms". Annals of Allergy . 13  (3): 307– 312. PMID  14377226 . ^ Ahmadi A, Khalili M, Hajikhani R, Safari N, Nahri-Niknafs B (November 2012). "Anti-inflammatory effects of two new methyl and morpholine derivatives of diphenhydramine on rats". Medicinal Chemistry Research . 21  (11): 3532– 3540. doi :10.1007/s00044-011-9891-y . S2CID  253644478 . ^ US 2527963 , Rieveschl Jr G, "Beta-dimethylamino-ethyl rho-halobenzhydryl ethers and their salts", issued 31 October 1950,  assigned to Parke Davis & Co.  ^ Gray SL, Anderson ML, Dublin S, Hanlon JT, Hubbard R , Walker R, et al. (March 2015). "Cumulative use of strong anticholinergics and incident dementia: a prospective cohort study" . JAMA Internal Medicine . 175  (3): 401– 407. doi :10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.7663 . PMC  4358759 PMID  25621434 . ^ Carrière I, Fourrier-Reglat A, Dartigues JF, Rouaud O, Pasquier F, Ritchie K, Ancelin ML (July 2009). "Drugs with anticholinergic properties, cognitive decline, and dementia in an elderly general population: the 3-city study" . Archives of Internal Medicine . 169  (14): 1317– 1324. doi :10.1001/archinternmed.2009.229 . PMC  2933398 PMID  19636034 .   
H1  
Agonists Antagonists 
Others:  Atypical antipsychotics  (e.g., aripiprazole , asenapine , brexpiprazole , brilaroxazine , clozapine , iloperidone , olanzapine , paliperidone , quetiapine , risperidone , ziprasidone , zotepine )Phenylpiperazine  antidepressants  (e.g., hydroxynefazodone , nefazodone , trazodone , triazoledione )Tetracyclic antidepressants  (e.g., amoxapine , loxapine , maprotiline , mianserin , mirtazapine , oxaprotiline )Tricyclic antidepressants  (e.g., amitriptyline , butriptyline , clomipramine , desipramine , dosulepin (dothiepin) , doxepin , imipramine , iprindole , lofepramine , nortriptyline , protriptyline , trimipramine )Typical antipsychotics  (e.g., chlorpromazine , flupenthixol , fluphenazine , loxapine , perphenazine , prochlorperazine , thioridazine , thiothixene )Unknown/unsorted:  AzanatorBelarizine 
Elbanizine 
Flotrenizine 
GSK1004723 
Napactadine Tagorizine 
Trelnarizine 
Trenizine  
H2  
H3  
H4  
See also 
Receptor/signaling modulators 
Monoamine metabolism modulators 
Monoamine reuptake inhibitors  
mAChRs Tooltip Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors 
Agonists Antagonists 
3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate 4-DAMP Aclidinium bromide  (+formoterol )Abediterol AF-DX 250 
AF-DX 384 Ambutonium bromide Anisodamine Anisodine Antihistamines (first-generation)  (e.g., brompheniramine , buclizine , captodiame , chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine) , cinnarizine , clemastine , cyproheptadine , dimenhydrinate , dimetindene , diphenhydramine , doxylamine , meclizine , mequitazine , perlapine , phenindamine , pheniramine , phenyltoloxamine , promethazine , propiomazine , triprolidine )AQ-RA 741 
Atropine Atropine methonitrate Atypical antipsychotics  (e.g., clozapine , fluperlapine , olanzapine  (+fluoxetine ), rilapine, quetiapine , tenilapine , zotepine )Benactyzine Benzatropine (benztropine) Benzilone Benzilylcholine mustard Benzydamine Bevonium BIBN 99 Biperiden Bornaprine Camylofin CAR-226,086 CAR-301,060 CAR-302,196 CAR-302,282 CAR-302,368 
CAR-302,537 
CAR-302,668 Caramiphen Cimetropium bromide Clidinium bromide Cloperastine CS-27349 Cyclobenzaprine Cyclopentolate Darifenacin DAU-5884 
Desfesoterodine Dexetimide DIBD 
Dicycloverine (dicyclomine) Dihexyverine Difemerine Diphemanil metilsulfate Ditran Drofenine EA-3167 EA-3443 EA-3580 EA-3834 Emepronium bromide Etanautine Etybenzatropine (ethybenztropine) Fenpiverinium Fentonium bromide Fesoterodine Flavoxate Glycopyrronium bromide  (+beclometasone/formoterol , +indacaterol , +neostigmine )Hexahydrodifenidol 
Hexahydrosiladifenidol 
Hexbutinol 
Hexocyclium Himbacine HL-031,120 
Homatropine Imidafenacin Ipratropium bromide  (+salbutamol )Isopropamide J-104,129 
Hyoscyamine Mamba toxin 3 Mamba toxin 7 Mazaticol Mebeverine Meladrazine Mepenzolate Methantheline Methoctramine Methylatropine Methylhomatropine Methylscopolamine Metixene Muscarinic toxin 7 N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate N-Methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate Nefopam Octatropine methylbromide (anisotropine methylbromide) Orphenadrine Otenzepad (AF-DX 116) Otilonium bromide Oxapium iodide Oxitropium bromide Oxybutynin Oxyphencyclimine Oxyphenonium bromide PBID 
PD-102,807 PD-0298029 Penthienate Pethidine pFHHSiD 
Phenglutarimide Phenyltoloxamine Pipenzolate bromide Piperidolate Pirenzepine Piroheptine Pizotifen Poldine Pridinol Prifinium bromide Procyclidine Profenamine (ethopropazine) Propantheline bromide Propiverine Quinidine 3-Quinuclidinyl thiochromane-4-carboxylate Revefenacin Rociverine RU-47,213 SCH-57,790 
SCH-72,788 
SCH-217,443 
Scopolamine (hyoscine) Scopolamine butylbromide (hyoscine butylbromide) Silahexacyclium 
Sofpironium bromide Solifenacin SSRIs Tooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors  (e.g., femoxetine , paroxetine )Telenzepine Terodiline Tetracyclic antidepressants  (e.g., amoxapine , maprotiline , mianserin , mirtazapine )Tiemonium iodide Timepidium bromide Tiotropium bromide Tiquizium bromide 
Tofenacin Tolterodine Tricyclic antidepressants  (e.g., amitriptyline  (+perphenazine ), amitriptylinoxide , butriptyline , cidoxepin , clomipramine , desipramine , desmethyldesipramine, dibenzepin , dosulepin (dothiepin) , doxepin , imipramine , lofepramine , nitroxazepine , northiaden (desmethyldosulepin) , nortriptyline , protriptyline , quinupramine , trimipramine )Tridihexethyl Trihexyphenidyl Trimebutine Tripitamine (tripitramine) Tropacine 
Tropatepine Tropicamide Tropine benzilate Trospium chloride Typical antipsychotics  (e.g., chlorpromazine , chlorprothixene , cyamemazine (cyamepromazine) , loxapine , mesoridazine , thioridazine )Umeclidinium bromide  (+vilanterol )WIN-2299 Xanomeline Zamifenacin  
Precursors (and prodrugs ) 
See also 
Receptor/signaling modulators 
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators 
Acetylcholine metabolism/transport modulators