| Latin English, (other) and older names
 | Location | Note | 
| Abdua, Addua Adda
 | Italia 45°08′04″N 9°52′54″E / 45.134444°N 9.881667°E / 45.134444; 9.881667 (Abdua, Addua)
 | Flows through Lake Como | 
| Achelous¹ Acheloos (Achelous)
 | Thessaly? 38°19′53″N 21°06′05″E / 38.331389°N 21.101389°E / 38.331389; 21.101389 (Achelous)
 | 
| Aciris Agri
 | Italia 40°13′00″N 16°44′00″E / 40.216667°N 16.733333°E / 40.216667; 16.733333 (Aciris)
 | 
| Adonis Nahr Ibrahim (Lebanon)
 | Syria 34°03′44″N 35°38′32″E / 34.062222°N 35.642222°E / 34.062222; 35.642222 (Adonis)
 | 
| Adrana Eder
 | Germania 51°13′00″N 9°27′18″E / 51.216677°N 9.455075°E / 51.216677; 9.455075 (Adrana)
 | 
| Aenus, Oenus Inn
 | Germania 48°34′25″N 13°28′38″E / 48.57353°N 13.47713°E / 48.57353; 13.47713 (Aenus)
 | 
| Aesis Esino
 | Italia 43°39′00″N 13°22′00″E / 43.65°N 13.366667°E / 43.65; 13.366667 (Aesis)
 | 
| Aesontius, Sontius Soča (Isonzo)
 | Pannonia Superior? 45°59′40″N 13°38′29″E / 45.994444°N 13.641389°E / 45.994444; 13.641389 (Aesontius, Sontius)
 | 
| Alara Aller
 | Germania 52°06′09″N 11°14′01″E / 52.102453°N 11.233703°E / 52.102453; 11.233703 (Alara)
 | 
| Albinia Albegna
 | Italia 42°30′00″N 11°11′00″E / 42.5°N 11.183333°E / 42.5; 11.183333 (Albinia)
 | 
| Albis Elbe (Labe, Łaba)
 | Germania 53°55′20″N 8°43′20″E / 53.922222°N 8.722222°E / 53.922222; 8.722222 (Albis)
 | 
| Alpheus¹ Alpheus (Alfeiós/Alpheiós)
 | Achaea? 37°36′45″N 21°27′06″E / 37.6125°N 21.451667°E / 37.6125; 21.451667 (Alpheus)
 | 
| Alutus Olt
 | Thracia? Moesia Inferior?
 43°42′46″N 24°48′01″E / 43.712778°N 24.800278°E / 43.712778; 24.800278 (Alutus)
 | 
| Amber Amper, Ammer
 | Germania 48°30′01″N 11°57′24″E / 48.500278°N 11.956667°E / 48.500278; 11.956667 (Amber)
 | 
| Amisia, Amisus Ems
 | Germania 53°19′32″N 7°14′41″E / 53.325556°N 7.244722°E / 53.325556; 7.244722 (Amisia, Amisus)
 | 
| Amnias Gök River
 | Bithynia and Pontus 41°24′28″N 35°07′08″E / 41.4077°N 35.1188°E / 41.4077; 35.1188 (Amnias)
 | Site of Battle of the River Amnias in 89 B.C. | 
| Ana, Anas Guadiana
 | Hispania 37°10′12″N 7°23′37″W / 37.17°N 7.393611°W / 37.17; -7.393611 (Ana, Anas)
 | 
| Anio Aniene (Teverone)
 | Italia 41°56′30″N 12°30′07″E / 41.941745°N 12.50181°E / 41.941745; 12.50181 (Anio)
 | Tributary to the Tiber; water supply to expanding Roma. | 
| Anisus Enns
 | Noricum? 48°14′13″N 14°31′08″E / 48.2369°N 14.519°E / 48.2369; 14.519 (Anisus)
 | Tributary to the Danube. | 
| Apo Caraş (Karaš)
 | Moesia Superior 44°49′51″N 21°19′01″E / 44.830833°N 21.316944°E / 44.830833; 21.316944 (Apo)
 | A left tributary to the Danube. | 
| Arabo, Raba Rába (Raab)
 | Germania 47°41′03″N 17°38′04″E / 47.684167°N 17.634444°E / 47.684167; 17.634444 (Arabo)
 | 
| Arar Saône
 | Gallia 45°43′39″N 4°49′04″E / 45.7275°N 4.817778°E / 45.7275; 4.817778 (Arar)
 | 
| Araros Buzău
 | Dacia? 45°24′49″N 27°44′29″E / 45.413611°N 27.741389°E / 45.413611; 27.741389 (Araros)
 | 
| Arauris Hérault
 | Gallia 43°16′57″N 3°26′39″E / 43.2825°N 3.444167°E / 43.2825; 3.444167 (Arauris)
 | 
| Araxes Aras
 | Armenia? 40°01′06″N 48°27′13″E / 40.0184°N 48.4535°E / 40.0184; 48.4535 (Araxes)
 | 
| Arda Arda
 | Italia 45°02′05″N 10°03′13″E / 45.034722°N 10.053611°E / 45.034722; 10.053611 (Arda)
 | 
| Ariminus Marecchia
 | Italia 44°04′00″N 12°34′00″E / 44.066667°N 12.566667°E / 44.066667; 12.566667 (Ariminus)
 | 
| Armenta Fiora
 | Italia 42°20′00″N 11°34′00″E / 42.333333°N 11.566667°E / 42.333333; 11.566667 (Armenta)
 | 
| Arnus Arno
 | Italia 43°41′00″N 10°17′00″E / 43.683333°N 10.283333°E / 43.683333; 10.283333 (Arnus)
 | 
| Argessos, Argessus¹ Argeş
 | Dacia 44°03′33″N 26°37′01″E / 44.059167°N 26.616944°E / 44.059167; 26.616944 (Argessos, Argessus)
 | From Carpathians to the Danube.  How different than Orgessos? | 
| Arsia, Arsa Raša (Arsia)
 | Dalmatia 45°01′59″N 14°02′50″E / 45.033°N 14.0471°E / 45.033; 14.0471 (Arsia, Arsa)
 | 
| Arula Aare
 | Germania 47°36′21″N 8°13′24″E / 47.6057°N 8.2234°E / 47.6057; 8.2234 (Arula)
 | 
| Arva Orava
 | Germania Magna? 49°09′N 19°09′E / 49.15°N 19.15°E / 49.15; 19.15 (Arva)
 | 
| Asis Aso
 | Italia 43°06′N 13°51′E / 43.1°N 13.85°E / 43.1; 13.85 (Asis)
 | 
| Atax Aude
 | Gallia 43°12′45″N 3°14′25″E / 43.2125°N 3.240278°E / 43.2125; 3.240278 (Atax)
 | From Pyrenees to Mediterranean near Narbo. | 
| Aternus Aterno
 | Italia 42°28′11″N 14°13′47″E / 42.469722°N 14.229722°E / 42.469722; 14.229722 (Aternus)
 | 
| Atesis Adige (Etsch)
 | Italia 45°08′59″N 12°19′13″E / 45.149722°N 12.320278°E / 45.149722; 12.320278 (Atesis)
 | 
| Aufentus, or Aufidus[1] Ufente
 | Italia 41°17′17″N 13°11′45″E / 41.288127°N 13.195863°E / 41.288127; 13.195863 (Aufentus, Aufidus)
 | River, now channelized, through the former Pontine Marshes, where the Appian Way reached the sea. | 
| Aufidus Ofanto
 | Italia 41°21′00″N 16°13′00″E / 41.35°N 16.216667°E / 41.35; 16.216667 (Aufidus)
 | 
| Auvona Avon (Bristol?)
 | Brittania 51°30′22″N 2°43′06″W / 51.506111°N 2.718333°W / 51.506111; -2.718333 (Auvona)
 | 
| Avens Velino
 | Italia 42°33′00″N 12°43′00″E / 42.55°N 12.716667°E / 42.55; 12.716667 (Avens)
 | 
| Axius¹ Vardar (Axiós)
 | Macedonia 40°30′27″N 22°43′03″E / 40.5075°N 22.7175°E / 40.5075; 22.7175 (Axius)
 | 
| Axona Aisne
 | Gallia 49°26′01″N 2°50′49″E / 49.433611°N 2.846944°E / 49.433611; 2.846944 (Axona)
 | 
| Baetis Guadalquivir
 | Hispania 36°47′00″N 6°21′00″W / 36.783333°N 6.35°W / 36.783333; -6.35 (Baetis)
 | 
| Bagradas Medjerda River
 | Africa 37°07′00″N 10°13′00″E / 37.116667°N 10.216667°E / 37.116667; 10.216667 (Bagradas)
 | Site of several battles during the Punic Wars and later; see Battle of the Bagradas River. | 
| Basana Bosna
 | Dalmatia? 45°04′00″N 18°28′01″E / 45.066667°N 18.466944°E / 45.066667; 18.466944 (Basana)
 | 
| Boactes Vara
 | Italia 44°09′00″N 9°53′00″E / 44.15°N 9.883333°E / 44.15; 9.883333 (Boactes)
 | 
| Borysthenes Dnieper (Dniepr)
 | Sarmatia 46°30′00″N 32°20′00″E / 46.5°N 32.333333°E / 46.5; 32.333333 (Borysthenes)
 | 
| Bradanus Bradano
 | Italia 40°23′00″N 16°51′00″E / 40.383333°N 16.85°E / 40.383333; 16.85 (Bradanus)
 | 
| Calipus Sado
 | Hispania 38°29′22″N 8°55′24″W / 38.4894°N 8.92333°W / 38.4894; -8.92333 (Calipus)
 | 
| Calor Calore Irpino
 | Italia 41°11′06″N 14°27′46″E / 41.185°N 14.462778°E / 41.185; 14.462778 (Calor)
 | 
| Calor Calore Lucano
 | Italia 40°30′18″N 15°01′10″E / 40.505°N 15.019444°E / 40.505; 15.019444 (Calor)
 | 
| Casuentus Basento
 | Italia 40°20′00″N 16°49′00″E / 40.333333°N 16.816667°E / 40.333333; 16.816667 (Casuentus)
 | 
| Cephissus¹ (Athenae) Cephissus (Athens) (Kephissós, Kifissós)
 | Achaea 37°56′19″N 23°40′12″E / 37.938611°N 23.67°E / 37.938611; 23.67 (Cephissus (Athenae))
 | 
| Cephissus¹ (Boeotia) Cephissus (Boeotia)
 | Achaea 38°25′56″N 23°14′43″E / 38.432222°N 23.245278°E / 38.432222; 23.245278 (Cephissus (Boeotia))
 | 
| Cephissus¹ (Eleusis) Cephissus (Eleusis)
 | Achaea? | 
| Chalusus, Treva Trave
 | Germania 53°57′39″N 10°53′14″E / 53.960833°N 10.887222°E / 53.960833; 10.887222 (Chalusus, Treva)
 | 
| Ciabrus Tsibritsa
 | Moesia 43°48′51″N 23°31′38″E / 43.8142°N 23.5271°E / 43.8142; 23.5271 (Ciabrus)
 | A right tributary of the Danube; divided Moesia Superior vs. Moesia Inferior | 
| Clanis, Glanis, Clanius Clanius Clanio, Lagni[2]
 | Italia | 
| Clitumnus Clitunno
 | Italia | A tributary of the Topino, which is a tributary of the Tiber.  The spring which is the source of the Clitumnus was regarded a beautiful place by the Romans and later by Byron and Giosuè Carducci. | 
| Clota Clyde
 | Brittania 55°40′46″N 4°58′17″W / 55.679528°N 4.971306°W / 55.679528; -4.971306 (Clota)
 | 
| Colapis Kupa (Kolpa)
 | Dalmatia? 45°27′36″N 16°24′08″E / 45.46°N 16.402222°E / 45.46; 16.402222 (Colapis)
 | 
| Conovius Conwy
 | Brittania 53°18′00″N 3°50′00″W / 53.3°N 3.833333°W / 53.3; -3.833333 (Conovius)
 | 
| Crathis Crati
 | Italia 39°43′25″N 16°31′45″E / 39.723611°N 16.529167°E / 39.723611; 16.529167 (Crathis)
 | 
| Crisus, Crisia Körös (Criş)
 | Dacia? 46°43′02″N 20°11′18″E / 46.717222°N 20.188333°E / 46.717222; 20.188333 (Crisus, Crisia)
 | 
| Crustumium Conca[3]
 | Italia 43°58′00″N 12°43′00″E / 43.966667°N 12.716667°E / 43.966667; 12.716667 (Crustumium)
 | 
| Cusus, Vagus Váh (Vág, Waag)
 | Germania Magna 47°55′00″N 18°01′00″E / 47.916667°N 18.016667°E / 47.916667; 18.016667 (Cusus, Vagus)
 | 
| Danuvius, Danubius Upper Danube (Donau, Duna, Dunaj, Dunav, Dunărea)
 | Multiple | Border of several regions of Roman Empire at times. Crossed by Trajan's Bridge, a world wonder. Some lower portion of the Danube was termed the Ister. | 
| Dierna Cerna
 | Dacia? 44°44′22″N 22°24′44″E / 44.739444°N 22.412222°E / 44.739444; 22.412222 (Dierna)
 | Dierna was a Roman fort at its confluence with the Danube. | 
| Dubis Doubs
 | Gallia 46°54′03″N 5°01′27″E / 46.900833°N 5.024167°E / 46.900833; 5.024167 (Dubis)
 | 
| Duria maior, Duria Bautica Dora Baltea
 | Italia 45°10′49″N 8°02′52″E / 45.1804°N 8.0477°E / 45.1804; 8.0477 (Duria maior, Duria Bautica)
 | 
| Duria minor Dora Riparia
 | Italia 45°04′43″N 7°43′30″E / 45.078611°N 7.725°E / 45.078611; 7.725 (Duria minor)
 | A left tributary of the Padus. | 
| Durius, Durias Douro (Duero)
 | Hispania 41°08′36″N 8°40′10″W / 41.143333°N 8.669444°W / 41.143333; -8.669444 (Durius, Durias)
 | 
| Dravus Drave (Drau, Drava, Dráva)
 | Pannonia? 45°32′38″N 18°55′31″E / 45.543889°N 18.925278°E / 45.543889; 18.925278 (Dravus)
 | 
| Euphrates Euphrates
 | Parthia/Mesopotamia 31°00′18″N 47°26′31″E / 31.005°N 47.441944°E / 31.005; 47.441944 (Euphrates)
 | 
| Feritor Bisagno
 | Italia 44°23′42″N 8°56′35″E / 44.395131°N 8.943158°E / 44.395131; 8.943158 (Feritor)
 | 
| Fertor, Frento Fortore
 | Italia 41°55′00″N 15°17′00″E / 41.916667°N 15.283333°E / 41.916667; 15.283333 (Fertor, Frento)
 | 
| Fevos Varaita
 | Italia 44°49′16″N 7°36′28″E / 44.821111°N 7.607778°E / 44.821111; 7.607778 (Fevos)
 | 
| Flosis Potenza
 | Italia 43°25′00″N 13°40′00″E / 43.416667°N 13.666667°E / 43.416667; 13.666667 (Flosis)
 | 
| Flusor Chienti
 | Italia 43°18′N 13°45′E / 43.3°N 13.75°E / 43.3; 13.75 (Flusor)
 | 
| Flussorius Fiastra
 | Italia 43°16′00″N 13°28′00″E / 43.266667°N 13.466667°E / 43.266667; 13.466667 (Flussorius)
 | 
| Formio Rižana (Risano)
 | Italia? 45°32′42″N 13°45′20″E / 45.544871°N 13.755519°E / 45.544871; 13.755519 (Formio)
 | 
| Garumna Garonne
 | Gallia 45°02′29″N 0°36′24″W / 45.041389°N 0.606667°W / 45.041389; -0.606667 (Garumna)
 | 
| Genusus Shkumbin
 | Macedonia 41°02′23″N 19°26′34″E / 41.039722°N 19.442778°E / 41.039722; 19.442778 (Genusus)
 | 
| Gerros, Gerrus¹ Molochnaya
 | Sarmatia? 46°42′05″N 35°17′55″E / 46.7014°N 35.2986°E / 46.7014; 35.2986 (Gerros, Gerrus)
 | 
| Helinius Helinium
 | Belgica 51°43′50″N 4°42′57″E / 51.730431°N 4.715881°E / 51.730431; 4.715881 (Helinius)
 | 
| Hierasus¹ Siret
 | Dacia 45°24′11″N 28°01′27″E / 45.403056°N 28.024167°E / 45.403056; 28.024167 (Hierasus)
 | 
| Hypanis¹ Southern Bug (Boh, Buh)
 | Sarmatia 46°59′00″N 31°58′00″E / 46.983333°N 31.966667°E / 46.983333; 31.966667 (Hypanis)
 | 
| Iberus Ebro (Ebre)
 | Hispania 40°43′12″N 0°51′47″E / 40.72°N 0.863056°E / 40.72; 0.863056 (Iberus)
 | 
| Idanus, Addua Ain
 | Gallia 45°47′45″N 5°10′10″E / 45.795833°N 5.169444°E / 45.795833; 5.169444 (Idanus, Addua)
 | 
| Ilargus Iller
 | Germania 48°22′53″N 9°58′23″E / 48.381389°N 9.973056°E / 48.381389; 9.973056 (Ilargus)
 | 
| Indus Dalaman River
 | Asia Minor 36°42′23″N 28°43′36″E / 36.70637°N 28.726726°E / 36.70637; 28.726726 (Indus)
 | Not to be confused with Indus River, the great river of Asia | 
| Ira, Iria | Staffora 45°04′57″N 9°01′46″E / 45.0824°N 9.0294°E / 45.0824; 9.0294 (Ira, Iria)
 | 
| Iris Yeşilırmak
 | Asia Minor 41°22′54″N 36°39′37″E / 41.3816°N 36.6603°E / 41.3816; 36.6603 (Iris)
 |  | 
| Isala, Sala IJssel
 | Belgica 52°34′58″N 5°50′24″E / 52.582778°N 5.84°E / 52.582778; 5.84 (Isala, Sala)
 | 
| Isara, Aesia, Oesia Oise
 | Belgica?, Gallia 48°59′12″N 2°04′17″E / 48.986667°N 2.071389°E / 48.986667; 2.071389 (Isara, Aesia, Oesia)
 | 
| Isara, Isarus, Isargus Isar
 | Germania 48°48′11″N 12°58′35″E / 48.803056°N 12.976389°E / 48.803056; 12.976389 (Isara, Isarus, Isargus)
 | 
| Isara Isère
 | Gallia 44°58′56″N 4°51′08″E / 44.982222°N 4.852222°E / 44.982222; 4.852222 (Isara)
 | 
| Isarus, Isarcus Eisack (Isarco)
 | Italia 46°26′28″N 11°18′53″E / 46.4412°N 11.3148°E / 46.4412; 11.3148 (Isarus, Isarcus)
 | 
| Isaurus Foglia
 | Italia 43°55′00″N 12°54′00″E / 43.916667°N 12.9°E / 43.916667; 12.9 (Isaurus)
 | 
| Ister Lower Danube (Donau, Duna, Dunaj, Dunav, Dunărea)
 | 45°13′03″N 29°45′41″E / 45.2175°N 29.761389°E / 45.2175; 29.761389 (Ister)
 | Some lower portion of the Danube, to its mouth on Black Sea.  Danuvius was upper portion. | 
| Julia, Licus Gail
 | Germania? Gallia? 46°36′23″N 13°53′14″E / 46.606389°N 13.887222°E / 46.606389; 13.887222 (Julia, Licus)
 | 
| Juvavus, Isonta Salzach
 | Germania 48°12′24″N 12°55′46″E / 48.206667°N 12.929444°E / 48.206667; 12.929444 (Juvavus, Isonta)
 | 
| Lametus | Amato | 
| Laus Lao
 | Italia 39°46′36″N 15°47′39″E / 39.776667°N 15.794167°E / 39.776667; 15.794167 (Laus)
 | 
| Leontes Litani River (Lebanon)
 | Syria 33°20′20″N 35°14′43″E / 33.338889°N 35.245278°E / 33.338889; 35.245278 (Leontes)
 | 
| Licus, Lica, Licca Lech
 | Germania 48°44′06″N 10°56′11″E / 48.735°N 10.936389°E / 48.735; 10.936389 (Licus, Lica, Licca)
 | 
| Liger Loire
 | Gallia 47°16′09″N 2°11′09″W / 47.269167°N 2.185833°W / 47.269167; -2.185833 (Liger)
 |  | 
| Limia Lima
 | Hispania 41°40′57″N 8°50′13″W / 41.6824°N 8.8369°W / 41.6824; -8.8369 (Limia)
 | 
| Liquentia Livenza
 | Italia 45°35′00″N 12°52′00″E / 45.583333°N 12.866667°E / 45.583333; 12.866667 (Liquentia)
 | 
| Liris, Clanis Garigliano (Liri)
 | Italia 41°13′00″N 13°45′00″E / 41.216667°N 13.75°E / 41.216667; 13.75 (Lirus, Clanis)
 | 
| Lupia, Luppia Lippe
 | Germania 51°39′03″N 6°36′15″E / 51.650833°N 6.604167°E / 51.650833; 6.604167 (Lupia, Luppia)
 | 
| Lycus Nahr al-Kalb (Lebanon)
 | Syria 33°57′N 35°36′E / 33.95°N 35.6°E / 33.95; 35.6 (Lycus)
 | 
| Lycus Kelkit River
 | Asia Minor 40°45′58″N 36°30′33″E / 40.765982°N 36.509179°E / 40.765982; 36.509179 (Lycus)
 | Longest tributary of the Iris | 
| Macra, Latis Maira
 | Italia 44°50′25″N 7°39′00″E / 44.8403°N 7.65°E / 44.8403; 7.65 (Macra, Latis)
 | 
| Macra Magra
 | Italia 44°03′00″N 9°59′00″E / 44.05°N 9.983333°E / 44.05; 9.983333 (Macra)
 | 
| Margus Velika Morava (Serbia)
 | Moesia Superior 44°42′42″N 21°02′05″E / 44.711667°N 21.034722°E / 44.711667; 21.034722 (Margus)
 | 
| Marisus, Marisia Mureş (Maros, Marusza)
 | Dacia 46°15′06″N 20°11′39″E / 46.251667°N 20.194167°E / 46.251667; 20.194167 (Marisus, Marisia)
 | 
| Mataurus, Metaurus Metauro
 | Italia 43°50′00″N 13°03′00″E / 43.833333°N 13.05°E / 43.833333; 13.05 (Mataurus, Metaurus)
 | 
| Meandrum, Meander Büyük Menderes River
 | Asia 37°32′24″N 27°10′08″E / 37.54°N 27.168889°E / 37.54; 27.168889 (Meandrum, Meander)
 | 
| Metaurus Petrace
 | Italia | River in Calabria region. | 
| Matrona Marne
 | Gallia 48°48′57″N 2°24′40″E / 48.815833°N 2.411111°E / 48.815833; 2.411111 (Matrona)
 | 
| Medoacus maior, Brinta Brenta
 | Italia 45°11′00″N 12°19′00″E / 45.183333°N 12.316667°E / 45.183333; 12.316667 (Medoacus maior, Brinta)
 | 
| Medoacus minor Bacchiglione
 | Italia 45°11′00″N 12°13′00″E / 45.183333°N 12.216667°E / 45.183333; 12.216667 (Medoacus minor)
 | 
| Moënus Main
 | Germania 45°11′00″N 12°13′00″E / 45.183333°N 12.216667°E / 45.183333; 12.216667 (Moënus)
 | 
| Minius Minho (Miño)
 | Hispania 41°52′00″N 8°52′12″W / 41.866667°N 8.87°W / 41.866667; -8.87 (Minius)
 | 
| Misco Musone
 | Italia 43°28′00″N 13°38′00″E / 43.466667°N 13.633333°E / 43.466667; 13.633333 (Misco)
 | 
| Moldavia, Multavia Vltava (Moldau)
 | Germania Magna 50°20′29″N 14°28′30″E / 50.341389°N 14.475°E / 50.341389; 14.475 (Moldavia, Multavia)
 | 
| Monda Mondego River
 | Hispania 40°12′47″N 8°20′41″W / 40.213169°N 8.344792°W / 40.213169; -8.344792 (Monda)
 | 
| Moravia Morava (Central Europe) (March)
 | Moesia Superior? 48°10′27″N 16°58′32″E / 48.174167°N 16.975556°E / 48.174167; 16.975556 (Moravia)
 | 
| Mosa Meuse
 | Belgica, Gallia? 51°42′54″N 4°40′04″E / 51.715°N 4.6678°E / 51.715; 4.6678 (Mosa)
 | 
| Mosella Moselle
 | Belgica, Gallia?, Germania? 50°21′58″N 7°36′25″E / 50.366111°N 7.606944°E / 50.366111; 7.606944 (Mosella)
 | 
| Murus Mur (Mura)
 | Germania 46°17′54″N 16°53′09″E / 46.298333°N 16.885833°E / 46.298333; 16.885833 (Murus)
 | 
| Naparis Ialomița
 | Dacia? 44°41′54″N 27°51′21″E / 44.698333°N 27.855833°E / 44.698333; 27.855833 (Naparis)
 | 
| Naro Neretva
 | Dalmatia? 43°01′17″N 17°26′54″E / 43.021385°N 17.448328°E / 43.021385; 17.448328 (Naro)
 | 
| Natiso Natisone
 | Italia, and? 45°56′43″N 13°21′53″E / 45.9453°N 13.3647°E / 45.9453; 13.3647 (Natiso)
 | 
| Natissis Noteć (Netze)
 | Germania 52°44′09″N 15°24′20″E / 52.735833°N 15.405556°E / 52.735833; 15.405556 (Natissis)
 | 
| Nicer Neckar
 | Germania 49°30′43″N 8°26′14″E / 49.511944°N 8.437222°E / 49.511944; 8.437222 (Nicer)
 | 
| Nilus Nile
 | Ægyptus 30°10′00″N 31°09′00″E / 30.166667°N 31.15°E / 30.166667; 31.15 (Nilus)
 | 
| Nura Nure
 | Italia 45°03′34″N 9°50′02″E / 45.0595°N 9.834°E / 45.0595; 9.834 (Nura)
 | 
| Oenus Inn
 | Germania? 48°34′25″N 13°28′38″E / 48.57353°N 13.47713°E / 48.57353; 13.47713 (Oenus)
 | 
| Ollius, Olius Oglio
 | Italia 45°02′40″N 10°39′37″E / 45.044444°N 10.660278°E / 45.044444; 10.660278 (Ollius, Olius)
 | 
| Oltis Lot
 | Gallia 44°19′00″N 0°20′06″E / 44.316667°N 0.335°E / 44.316667; 0.335 (Oltis)
 | 
| Olubria Scrivia
 | Italia 45°03′20″N 8°54′07″E / 45.0555°N 8.902°E / 45.0555; 8.902 (Olubria)
 | 
| Orbis Orbe
 | Gallia?, Germania 46°44′14″N 6°33′47″E / 46.7373°N 6.5631°E / 46.7373; 6.5631 (Orbis)
 | 
| Ordessos Argeș
 | Dacia 44°03′33″N 26°37′01″E / 44.059167°N 26.616944°E / 44.059167; 26.616944 (Ordessos)
 | How different than Argessos? | 
| Orontes Orontes River (Lebanon)
 | Syria 36°02′43″N 35°57′49″E / 36.045278°N 35.963611°E / 36.045278; 35.963611 (Orontes)
 | 
| Orgus Orco
 | Italia 45°11′00″N 7°52′30″E / 45.183333°N 7.875°E / 45.183333; 7.875 (Orgus)
 | 
| Panticapes Inhul
 | Sarmatia 46°58′00″N 32°00′00″E / 46.966667°N 32°E / 46.966667; 32 (Panticapes)
 | 
| Peneus¹ (Elea) Peneus (Ilia), (Pineiós/Peneiós)
 | Achaea 37°48′19″N 21°14′12″E / 37.805278°N 21.236667°E / 37.805278; 21.236667 (Peneus (Elea))
 | 
| Peneus¹ (Tempe) Peneus (Tempe), (Pineiós/Peneiós, Salambria)
 | Achaea 37°48′19″N 21°14′12″E / 37.805278°N 21.236667°E / 37.805278; 21.236667 (Peneus (Tempe))
 | 
| Padus, Eridanus¹ Po
 | Italia 44°57′09″N 12°25′55″E / 44.9525°N 12.431944°E / 44.9525; 12.431944 (Padus, Eridanus)
 | 
| Phrudis Bresle
 | Gallia 50°03′46″N 1°22′16″E / 50.062778°N 1.371111°E / 50.062778; 1.371111 (Phrudis)
 | 
| Pisaurus Foglia
 | Italia 43°55′00″N 12°54′00″E / 43.916667°N 12.9°E / 43.916667; 12.9 (Pisaurus)
 | 
| Plavis Piave
 | Italia 45°50′34″N 12°06′18″E / 45.842778°N 12.105°E / 45.842778; 12.105 (Plavis)
 | 
| Potentia, or Flosis?[note 1] Potenza
 | Italia 43°25′00″N 13°40′00″E / 43.416667°N 13.666667°E / 43.416667; 13.666667 (Potentia, or Flosis?)
 | 
| Pyretus Prut
 | Sarmatia? or Dacia? 45°28′08″N 28°12′28″E / 45.468889°N 28.207778°E / 45.468889; 28.207778 (Pyretus)
 | 
| Rhenus Rhine (Rijn, Rhin, Rhein, Reno, Rein)
 | Germania 51°58′54″N 4°04′50″E / 51.981667°N 4.080556°E / 51.981667; 4.080556 (Rhenus)
 | 
| Rabon Jiu (Zsil)
 | Thracia? 43°46′41″N 23°48′48″E / 43.778056°N 23.813333°E / 43.778056; 23.813333 (Rabon)
 | 
| Rha¹ Volga
 | Scythia? 45°50′00″N 47°58′00″E / 45.833333°N 47.966667°E / 45.833333; 47.966667 (Rha)
 | 
| Rhodanus Rhône
 | Gallia 43°19′51″N 4°50′44″E / 43.330833°N 4.845556°E / 43.330833; 4.845556 (Rhodanus)
 | 
| Rubico Rubicon (Pisciatello, Fiumicino, Rubicone)
 | Italia 44°05′35″N 12°23′45″E / 44.093029°N 12.395834°E / 44.093029; 12.395834 (Rubico)
 | 
| Rura Ruhr
 | Germania 51°27′03″N 6°43′22″E / 51.450833°N 6.722778°E / 51.450833; 6.722778 (Rura)
 | 
| Sabatus Sabato
 | Italia 41°08′00″N 14°45′00″E / 41.133333°N 14.75°E / 41.133333; 14.75 (Sabatus (1))
 | 
| Sabatus Savuto
 | Italia 39°02′00″N 16°06′00″E / 39.033333°N 16.1°E / 39.033333; 16.1 (Sabatus (2))
 | 
| Sabis Sambre
 | Belgica, Gallia? 50°27′43″N 4°52′15″E / 50.461944°N 4.870833°E / 50.461944; 4.870833 (Sabis)
 | 
| Sabis Selle
 | Gallia 49°54′25″N 2°16′50″E / 49.906944°N 2.280556°E / 49.906944; 2.280556 (Sabis)
 | 
| Sabrina Severn
 | Brittania 51°27′42″N 2°59′47″W / 51.461700°N 2.996500°W / 51.461700; -2.996500 (Sabrina)
 | Longest river in Brittania | 
| Sagrus Sangro
 | Italia 42°14′00″N 14°32′00″E / 42.233333°N 14.533333°E / 42.233333; 14.533333 (Sagrus)
 | 
| Sala Franconian Saale
 | Germania? 50°03′21″N 9°41′06″E / 50.055972°N 9.685°E / 50.055972; 9.685 (Sala)
 | Franconian Saale, a tributary of the Moënus. | 
| Sala Saxon Saale
 | Germania 50°07′14″N 11°49′50″E / 50.12056°N 11.83056°E / 50.12056; 11.83056 (Sala)
 | Thurigian Saale, a tributary of the Albis. | 
| Salsum [4] Guadajoz
 | Hispania 37°44′12″N 4°32′05″W / 37.73675°N 4.53476°W / 37.73675; -4.53476 (Salsum)
 | A tributary of the Bætis. | 
| Samara Somme
 | Gallia 50°11′12″N 1°38′35″E / 50.1867°N 1.6431°E / 50.1867; 1.6431 (Samara)
 | 
| Samus Someş (Szamos)
 | Dacia? 48°06′50″N 22°20′22″E / 48.114°N 22.3394°E / 48.114; 22.3394 (Samus)
 | A tributary of the Tisia. | 
| Sangarius Sakarya
 | Asia Minor 41°07′35″N 30°38′56″E / 41.1264°N 30.6489°E / 41.1264; 30.6489 (Sangarius)
 | 
| Sarius Serio
 | Italia 45°15′29″N 9°41′37″E / 45.2581°N 9.6936°E / 45.2581; 9.6936 (Sarius)
 | 
| Sarāvus Saar
 | Belgica? 49°42′05″N 6°34′11″E / 49.701389°N 6.569722°E / 49.701389; 6.569722 (Sarāvus)
 | A right tributary of the Mosella | 
| Sargetia Strei
 | Dacia? 45°51′05″N 23°03′03″E / 45.8514°N 23.0507°E / 45.8514; 23.0507 (Sargetia)
 | 
| Savus Sava (Száva)
 | Dalmatia 44°49′27″N 20°26′38″E / 44.824167°N 20.443889°E / 44.824167; 20.443889 (Savus)
 | 
| Scultenna Panaro (Scoltenna)
 | Italia 44°55′34″N 11°25′25″E / 44.926°N 11.4237°E / 44.926; 11.4237 (Scultenna)
 | Right tributary to the Padus. | 
| Secia Secchia
 | Italia 45°03′45″N 11°00′21″E / 45.0624°N 11.0057°E / 45.0624; 11.0057 (Secia)
 | 
| Sena, Misus Misa
 | Italia 43°43′00″N 13°13′00″E / 43.716667°N 13.216667°E / 43.716667; 13.216667 (Sena, Misus)
 | Mouth is at Sena Gallica, Roman colony that was southernmost point of Hasdrubal Barca drive to relieve Hannibal in the Second Punic War, before the Battle of Metaurus. | 
| Silarus Sillaro
 | Italia 44°34′43″N 11°52′17″E / 44.5786°N 11.8714°E / 44.5786; 11.8714 (Silarus)
 | 
| Silarus, Silerus, Siler Sele
 | Italia 40°29′00″N 14°56′00″E / 40.483333°N 14.933333°E / 40.483333; 14.933333 (Silarus, Silerus, Siler)
 | 
| Sequana Seine
 | Gallia 49°26′02″N 0°12′24″E / 49.433889°N 0.206667°E / 49.433889; 0.206667 (Sequana)
 | 
| Sesites, Sessites Sesia
 | Italia 45°07′59″N 8°34′24″E / 45.133056°N 8.573333°E / 45.133056; 8.573333 (Sesites, Sessites)
 | 
| Siris Sinni
 | Italia 40°09′10″N 16°41′30″E / 40.1529°N 16.6917°E / 40.1529; 16.6917 (Siris)
 | 
| Spreva Spree
 | Germania Magna 52°32′10″N 13°12′31″E / 52.536111°N 13.208611°E / 52.536111; 13.208611 (Spreva)
 | 
| Strymon¹ Struma (Karasu, Strimónis)
 | Macedonia 40°47′09″N 23°50′56″E / 40.785833°N 23.848889°E / 40.785833; 23.848889 (Strymon)
 | 
| Stura Stura di Demonte
 | Italia 44°39′04″N 7°52′52″E / 44.6512°N 7.8812°E / 44.6512; 7.8812 (Stura)
 | 
| Suasanus Cesano
 | Italia 43°42′47″N 13°13′06″E / 43.713056°N 13.218333°E / 43.713056; 13.218333 (Suasanus)
 | 
| Sybaris Coscile
 | Italia 39°42′11″N 16°27′37″E / 39.703056°N 16.460278°E / 39.703056; 16.460278 (Sybaris)
 | 
| Tagus Tajo (Tejo, Tagus)
 | Hispania 40°19′11″N 1°41′51″W / 40.319722°N 1.6975°W / 40.319722; -1.6975 (Tagus)
 | 
| Tamaca Tâmega
 | Hispania 41°04′55″N 8°17′35″W / 41.082°N 8.293°W / 41.082; -8.293 (Tamaca)
 | 
| Tamarus Tammaro
 | Italia 41°09′00″N 14°50′00″E / 41.15°N 14.833333°E / 41.15; 14.833333 (Tamarus)
 | 
| Tamesis, Tamesa Thames
 | Brittania 51°29′56″N 0°36′31″E / 51.4989°N 0.6087°E / 51.4989; 0.6087 (Tamesis, Tamesa)
 | 
| Tanager Tanagro (Negro)
 | Italia 40°38′00″N 15°14′00″E / 40.633333°N 15.233333°E / 40.633333; 15.233333 (Tanager)
 | 
| Tanais Don
 | Sarmatia? or Scythia? 47°05′11″N 39°14′19″E / 47.086389°N 39.238611°E / 47.086389; 39.238611 (Tanais)
 | 
| Tanarus Tanaro
 | Italia 45°00′20″N 8°46′10″E / 45.005556°N 8.769444°E / 45.005556; 8.769444 (Tanarus)
 | 
| Tarnis Tarn
 | Gallia 44°05′10″N 1°02′33″E / 44.086111°N 1.0425°E / 44.086111; 1.0425 (Tarnis)
 | 
| Tarus Taro
 | Italia 45°00′08″N 10°15′21″E / 45.0022°N 10.2558°E / 45.0022; 10.2558 (Tarus)
 | 
| Tedanius Zrmanja (Zermagna)
 | Dalmatia 44°12′06″N 15°35′18″E / 44.2017°N 15.5883°E / 44.2017; 15.5883 (Tedanius)
 | 
| Tessuinus Tesino
 | Italia 42°58′42″N 13°52′32″E / 42.978333°N 13.875556°E / 42.978333; 13.875556 (Tessuinus)
 | 
| Thader Segura
 | Hispania 38°05′47″N 0°40′32″W / 38.096436°N 0.675658°W / 38.096436; -0.675658 (Thader)
 | 
| Tiberis, Tiber Tiber (Tevere)
 | Italia 41°44′26″N 12°14′00″E / 41.7405°N 12.2334°E / 41.7405; 12.2334 (Tiberis, Tiber)
 | 
| Tibiscus, Tibisis Timiş (Temes, Tamiš)
 | Moesia Superior? or Dacia? 44°50′53″N 20°38′08″E / 44.84805°N 20.635556°E / 44.84805; 20.635556 (Tibiscus, Tibisis)
 | 
| Ticinus Ticino (Tessin)
 | Italia 45°08′38″N 9°14′12″E / 45.143889°N 9.236667°E / 45.143889; 9.236667 (Ticinus)
 | 
| Tigris Tigris
 | Parthia/Mesopotamia 38°26′00″N 39°46′22″E / 38.433333°N 39.772778°E / 38.433333; 39.772778 (Tigris)
 |  | 
| Timacus Timok
 | Moesia Superior? 44°12′49″N 22°40′13″E / 44.213611°N 22.670278°E / 44.213611; 22.670278 (Timacus)
 | A right tributary of the Danube. | 
| Tinna Tenna
 | Italia 43°14′00″N 13°47′00″E / 43.233333°N 13.783333°E / 43.233333; 13.783333 (Tinna)
 | 
| Tifernus Biferno
 | Italia 41°59′00″N 15°02′00″E / 41.983333°N 15.033333°E / 41.983333; 15.033333 (Tifernus)
 | 
| Tirinus Tirino
 | Italia? | 
| Tisia Tisza (Tissa, Theiss)
 | Dacia 45°08′17″N 20°16′39″E / 45.138056°N 20.2775°E / 45.138056; 20.2775 (Tisia)
 | 
| Titius, Corcoras, Korkoras¹ Krka (Cherca)
 | Dalmatia 43°43′11″N 15°51′09″E / 43.7198°N 15.8526°E / 43.7198; 15.8526 (Titius, Corcoras, Korkoras)
 | 
| Tolerus, Trerus Sacco
 | Italia 41°31′00″N 13°32′00″E / 41.516667°N 13.533333°E / 41.516667; 13.533333 (Tolerus, Trerus)
 | 
| Trebia Trebbia
 | Italia 45°04′13″N 9°41′06″E / 45.0702°N 9.6849°E / 45.0702; 9.6849 (Trebia)
 | 
| Trinius Trigno
 | Italia 42°04′00″N 14°48′00″E / 42.066667°N 14.8°E / 42.066667; 14.8 (Trinius)
 | 
| Truentus Tronto
 | Italia 42°54′00″N 13°55′00″E / 42.9°N 13.916667°E / 42.9; 13.916667 (Truentus)
 | 
| Tyras Dniester (Dniestr, Nistru)
 | Sarmatia 46°21′00″N 30°14′00″E / 46.35°N 30.233333°E / 46.35; 30.233333 (Tyras)
 | 
| Umbro Ombrone
 | Italia 42°39′31″N 11°00′47″E / 42.658611°N 11.013056°E / 42.658611; 11.013056 (Umbro)
 | 
| Vacua Vouga
 | Hispania 40°40′59″N 8°40′01″W / 40.683°N 8.667°W / 40.683; -8.667 (Vacua)
 | 
| Varta Warta (Warthe)
 | Germania 52°35′55″N 14°36′37″E / 52.5986°N 14.6103°E / 52.5986; 14.6103 (Varta)
 | A tributary of the Viadua, and connects to the Vistula by the Natissis and a canal (at least in modern times). | 
| Varus Stura di Lanzo
 | Italia 45°05′44″N 7°43′29″E / 45.0956°N 7.72472°E / 45.0956; 7.72472 (Varus)
 | 
| Varus Var
 | Gallia 43°39′13″N 7°11′59″E / 43.653611°N 7.199722°E / 43.653611; 7.199722 (Varus)
 | 
| Viadua, Viadrua, Odera Oder (Odra)
 | Germania 53°40′19″N 14°31′25″E / 53.671944°N 14.523611°E / 53.671944; 14.523611 (Viadua, Viadrua, Odera)
 | 
| Visurgis Weser
 | Germania 53°32′08″N 8°33′56″E / 53.535556°N 8.565556°E / 53.535556; 8.565556 (Visurgis)
 | 
| Vistula Vistula (Wisła, Weichsel)
 | Germania Magna 54°21′42″N 18°57′07″E / 54.361667°N 18.951944°E / 54.361667; 18.951944 (Vistula)
 |  | 
| Volturnus Volturno
 | Italia 41°05′30″N 14°03′24″E / 41.091667°N 14.056667°E / 41.091667; 14.056667 (Volturnus)
 | 
| Vomanus Vomano
 | Italia 42°39′00″N 14°02′00″E / 42.65°N 14.033333°E / 42.65; 14.033333 (Vomanus)
 |